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Glossary

Terms used in accessibility research and practice. Each entry has a definition, common aliases, and category tags.

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Palm Drawing(also: Palm Mapping, Palm Tracing)
A technique used by Orientation and Mobility (O&M) specialists to teach routes to people who are blind or have low vision. The instructor holds the person's palm face up and traces the path of a route with their finger while simultaneously providing verbal instructions. This…
Path Integration
A cognitive navigation process in which a person tracks their position relative to a starting point by continuously monitoring their movements — including direction changes, distance traveled, and turns taken. People who are blind rely heavily on path integration when navigating…
Pre-journey Learning(also: Pre-visit Spatial Learning, Virtual Pre-exploration)
The practice of learning about an environment's spatial layout before physically visiting it, typically through tactile maps, verbal descriptions, or virtual exploration tools. For people who are blind or have low vision, pre-journey learning supports the development of a…

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