Glossary

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Sensemaking(also: Sense-making)

The cognitive and social process of giving structure to ambiguous, incomplete, or unfamiliar information so that one can act on it. In HCI and information science, sensemaking is studied as iterative cycles of foraging for information, building mental representations, testing…

Shannon Entropy(also: Information Entropy, Source Entropy)

A measure of the average uncertainty or unpredictability associated with a set of possible outcomes, defined by Claude Shannon as H = -Σ p(x) log₂ p(x), where p(x) is the probability of each outcome. In the context of interface evaluation, entropy quantifies how much uncertainty…

Situated Learning

A theory of learning, associated with Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger, which holds that knowledge is not primarily abstract information transferred between minds but an embodied practice acquired through doing things in a real social context with other practitioners. In…

Small-n Experimental Design(also: Small-sample Design, Single-case Design)

Small-n (or single-case) experimental design is a family of research methodologies aimed at drawing rigorous causal conclusions from very few — sometimes just one — participants. The approaches include ABA reversal, multiple baseline designs, alternating treatments, and changing…

Somaesthetics

Somaesthetics is a philosophical discipline, developed by Richard Shusterman, that treats the living, sentient, purposive body (the soma) as both a locus of aesthetic appreciation and a medium of creative self-fashioning. It integrates analytical, pragmatic, and practical…

Stage-Based Model(also: Stage-Based Model of Personal Informatics)

A model of personal-informatics use, introduced by Ian Li, Anind Dey, and Jodi Forlizzi (2010), describing how people move through five stages of self-tracking: preparation (deciding to track), collection, integration, reflection, and action. The model made early contributions…

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