Glossary

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Data Table(also: Genuine Table)

An HTML table element used to present structured, tabular information where data cells have a logical relationship to header cells. Accessible data tables require proper semantic markup including th elements for headers, scope attributes to define header direction (row or…

HTML Table(also: Data Table, Web Table)

An HTML table is a structured element in web markup used to organize data into rows and columns. Tables are created using the table, tr (table row), th (table header), and td (table data) elements. For accessibility, data tables must include proper header markup (th elements…

Heading hierarchy(also: Heading structure, Heading levels, Document outline)

The logical structure created by using HTML heading elements (h1 through h6) in a nested, hierarchical order to convey the organisation of content on a web page. A proper heading hierarchy starts with a single h1 for the page title, with h2 elements for major sections, h3 for…

Layout Table(also: Presentational Table)

An HTML table element used to control the visual positioning of content on a web page rather than to present tabular data. Layout tables were a common web design technique before CSS became widely supported, but their use is now considered a significant accessibility barrier.…

Page Landmarks(also: ARIA Landmarks, Landmark Regions, Landmark Roles)

Named regions of a web page that identify its high-level structure — for example banner, navigation, main, complementary, search, form, contentinfo — so that assistive technology can expose them as jump targets. Landmarks are typically declared with semantic HTML elements…

Role Attribute(also: ARIA Role, WAI Role)

An HTML attribute that defines the purpose or type of a user interface element, communicating its function to assistive technologies. Originally proposed as part of the XHTML namespace-based approach described by Gibson and Schwerdtfeger at IBM, the role attribute became a…

Tag Order(also: Source Order, DOM Order, Reading Order)

The sequential order in which HTML elements appear in the source code of a web page, which determines the order in which screen readers and other assistive technologies present content to users. When web pages use CSS or layout tables to position content visually, the tag order…

tabindex

An HTML attribute that controls whether an element can receive keyboard focus and its position in the tab order. A tabindex of 0 places an element in the natural tab order, a positive value sets a specific order position, and a negative value (typically -1) allows programmatic…

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