Glossary

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Self-Voicing Interface(also: Self-Voicing, Self-Voicing Application)

A software application or interface that includes its own built-in speech output capability, rather than relying on a separate screen reader to interpret and voice its content. Self-voicing interfaces generate speech directly, giving them greater control over what is spoken and…

Silent Speech(also: Silent Speech Interface, SSI)

Communication technologies that generate intelligible speech from non-acoustic signals produced during the intent or attempt to speak, without requiring audible voicing. Input modalities include surface electromyography of articulatory muscles, ultrasound tongue imaging,…

Speaker-dependent speech recognition(also: User-adapted ASR, Personalized speech recognition)

A speech recognition approach that trains or adapts its acoustic models to a specific individual's voice characteristics, rather than relying solely on general population models. For people with cognitive disabilities, dysarthria, or other speech differences, speaker-dependent…

Speaking Behavior(also: Speaker Behavior, Speech Behavior)

In accessibility and HCI research, the observable communicative behaviors a speaker exhibits during conversation — including speech rate, voice intensity (loudness), articulation clarity (including hyperarticulation or over-enunciation), eye contact, gesturing, and pausing.…

Speech Input(also: Voice input, Voice control, Speech recognition input)

An input method that allows users to control devices or enter text by speaking rather than using manual touch or keyboard input. Speech input is particularly important for people with visual impairments, who use it significantly more often than sighted users to overcome the…

Speech Synthesis Markup Language(also: SSML)

Speech Synthesis Markup Language (SSML) is a W3C standard XML-based markup language for controlling the rendering of synthetic speech by text-to-speech (TTS) engines. SSML provides tags for specifying pronunciation, volume, pitch, speaking rate, emphasis, pauses, and voice…

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