Glossary

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ACT Rules(also: Accessibility Conformance Testing Rules, ACT-R)

A set of standardized, machine-readable test rules developed by the W3C that provide specific, objective criteria for evaluating whether web content meets accessibility requirements like WCAG success criteria. ACT Rules aim to reduce inconsistency between different automated…

AChecker(also: IDI Web Accessibility Checker)

An open-source web accessibility evaluation tool that checks HTML content against accessibility standards including WCAG 2.0. AChecker identifies three types of issues: known problems (definite violations detectable by rule), likely problems (probable violations requiring human…

Ablation Study(also: Ablation Experiment)

A methodology, common in machine-learning and systems research, in which individual components of a system are systematically removed or disabled to measure their contribution to overall performance. In accessibility testing research, ablation studies are used to justify design…

Accessibility Audit(also: Accessibility Review, A11y Audit)

A structured evaluation of a digital product, website, or application against established accessibility standards, typically WCAG, to identify barriers that prevent people with disabilities from using it effectively. An accessibility audit usually combines automated scanning…

Accessibility Checker(also: Accessibility Verifier, Accessibility Inspector, A11y Checker)

A software tool that automatically evaluates an application, document, or website against accessibility standards and guidelines, identifying potential barriers for users with disabilities. Accessibility checkers may be built into development environments (such as Apple's…

Accessibility Conformance Testing(also: ACT, ACT Rules Format)

A W3C technical recommendation that defines a standardized format for writing rules to test web accessibility. The ACT Rules Format provides a consistent structure for describing what to test and what outcomes to expect, aiming to reduce inconsistency between different automated…

Accessibility Evaluation Framework(also: A11y Assessment Framework, Accessibility Testing Framework)

A structured methodology for systematically assessing the accessibility of digital content, products, or services against established standards and guidelines. Effective frameworks define the criteria to be evaluated, the methods for evaluation (automated testing, manual…

Accessibility Testing(also: A11y Testing)

The practice of evaluating software, websites, or digital products to ensure they can be used by people with disabilities, including those using assistive technologies such as screen readers, voice recognition, and switch devices. Accessibility testing encompasses automated…

Accessibility Violation(also: A11y Violation, Accessibility Error, Accessibility Issue)

Any instance where web content, code, or design fails to conform to established accessibility guidelines such as WCAG. Accessibility violations can be syntactic (missing required HTML elements or attributes), semantic (elements present but not meaningful), or layout-related…

Automated Accessibility Testing(also: Automated A11y Testing, Accessibility Scanning)

The use of software tools to programmatically check web content against accessibility guidelines such as WCAG. Tools like Axe, WAVE, Google Lighthouse, and AChecker translate accessibility rules into automated checks applied to HTML elements. While efficient for detecting…

Automated Accessibility Testing(also: Automated Testing, Accessibility Scanning, A11y Testing)

The use of software tools to programmatically check web content against accessibility guidelines such as WCAG, identifying issues like missing alternative text, insufficient color contrast, empty links, and missing form labels. While automated tools such as WAVE, axe, and…

Axe(also: axe-core, Deque Axe)

An open-source accessibility testing engine developed by Deque Systems that checks web content against WCAG and other accessibility standards. Axe can be integrated into browsers (via browser extensions), development workflows (via axe-core library), and testing frameworks (via…

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