Glossary

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Abstract Widget(also: Abstract Interaction Object)

A user interface component defined by its semantic purpose and interaction behavior rather than its visual appearance. Abstract widgets specify what a user can do (select from options, enter text, trigger a command) without prescribing how the interaction is rendered — it could…

Accessibility Focus(also: A11y Focus, Screen Reader Focus)

The currently selected element in a user interface as perceived by a screen reader or other assistive technology. When an element has accessibility focus, the screen reader announces its description and the user can interact with it. Only one element can have accessibility focus…

Adaptive User Interface(also: AUI, Adaptive Interface, Self-Adapting Interface)

A user interface that automatically adjusts its presentation, behavior, or content based on user characteristics, preferences, context, or interaction patterns. Unlike customizable interfaces where users manually configure settings, adaptive interfaces use algorithms to detect…

Artboard(also: Canvas, Slide Canvas, 2-D Canvas)

An artboard is a two-dimensional digital workspace used in presentation software (PowerPoint, Google Slides, Keynote), graphic design tools, and whiteboard applications where objects like text boxes, shapes, images, and connectors can be placed at arbitrary positions. Artboards…

Assessment Descriptor(also: Visual Attribute Descriptor)

Brief visual attributes of objects — such as color, size, dimensions, and distance from the user — provided alongside obfuscated or spotlighted content to help users verify whether privacy techniques are working correctly. Research with blind participants has shown that common…

Audio Tone(also: Auditory Cue, Earcon)

Non-speech audio signals used to convey information such as the presence, location, or status of objects or interface elements. In accessibility contexts, audio tones can supplement or replace verbal descriptions, similar to how screen readers like JAWS use different sound…

Auditory User Interface(also: AUI, Audio User Interface)

A user interface that relies primarily on audio output — including synthesised speech, earcons, auditory icons, and sonification — to convey information and enable interaction. Auditory user interfaces are essential for users who are blind or have low vision, and they can…

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