Glossary

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Background Blur(also: Depth of Field Effect, Bokeh Effect)

A visual technique that applies a blur filter to the background of a video while keeping foreground subjects in sharp focus, similar to a shallow depth-of-field camera effect. In accessibility contexts, background blur reduces visual distractions from busy or moving backgrounds…

Background Subtraction(also: Foreground-Background Separation, Background Modelling)

Background subtraction is a computer vision technique used to identify moving objects (the foreground) in a video by comparing each frame against a model of the static background. Common approaches include adaptive Gaussian mixture models that continuously update the background…

Gaussian Blur(also: Gaussian Filter)

An image processing technique that smooths an image by averaging pixel values using a Gaussian (bell-curve) weighted function, creating a soft, out-of-focus appearance. In video accessibility, Gaussian blur is applied to video backgrounds to reduce visual distractions while…

Keyframe(also: Key Frame)

A keyframe is a single representative frame selected from a video scene or shot that best captures the essential visual content of that segment. In automated audio description and video captioning systems, keyframe selection is a critical step — the chosen frame is analyzed by…

Overlay Detection(also: Overlay Recognition)

The process of automatically identifying graphical or textual elements overlaid on top of video content, such as pop-up graphics, watermarks, banners, subtitles, logos, and text annotations. Overlay detection uses computer vision techniques including edge detection, shape…

Scene Segmentation(also: Scene Detection, Shot Boundary Detection)

Scene segmentation is the process of automatically dividing a video into discrete scenes or segments based on visual changes such as cuts, transitions, or the appearance of new elements in the frame. In the context of accessibility, scene segmentation is a foundational component…

Speaker Segmentation(also: Person Segmentation, Human Segmentation)

The process of identifying and isolating the speaker or presenter in a video frame, separating them from the background and other visual elements. Speaker segmentation uses computer vision models to create precise masks around the speaker, enabling layout customization options…

Video Inpainting(also: Video Fill, Content-Aware Video Fill)

A computer vision technique that fills in removed or missing regions of a video frame with plausible content generated based on surrounding visual information. Video inpainting is used in accessibility applications to seamlessly remove distracting visual elements (overlays,…

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