Glossary

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Daltonization(also: Recolouring, Color Remapping)

Daltonization is a computational technique that modifies the colours in an image or on a screen to make them more distinguishable for people with colour vision deficiency (CVD). Named after John Dalton, who first described his own colour blindness in the 18th century,…

Dark Mode(also: Dark Theme, Night Mode)

A display setting that uses light-colored text and interface elements on a dark background, reversing the typical light-mode color scheme. Dark mode can benefit users with light sensitivity, photophobia, or certain visual conditions by reducing screen glare and brightness.…

Data Descriptor(also: Training Data Descriptor)

An automated metric or feedback mechanism that characterizes the quality or properties of a dataset, particularly training images used in machine learning. In accessibility research, data descriptors provide non-visual feedback to blind users about the quality of photos they…

Data Visualization(also: Data Viz, Information Visualization)

The graphical representation of data and information using visual elements such as charts, graphs, maps, and diagrams. While data visualization is a powerful tool for communicating patterns and insights, it presents significant accessibility barriers for people with visual…

Deuteranomaly(also: Deutan Anomalous Trichromacy)

The most common type of colour vision deficiency, where the medium-wavelength (green) cone cells have a shifted sensitivity range. Deuteranomaly is a milder form of deutan CVD compared to deuteranopia, resulting in reduced ability to distinguish certain reds from greens. It…

Deuteranopia(also: Deutan Dichromacy, Green-Blind)

A type of colour vision deficiency caused by the complete absence of medium-wavelength (green) cone cells in the retina. Deuteranopia is the most common form of dichromacy, causing difficulty distinguishing red from green. Unlike protanopia, deuteranopia does not significantly…

Diagram Accessibility(also: Accessible Diagrams, Scientific Diagram Accessibility)

The practice of making visual diagrams — including scientific figures, flowcharts, organizational charts, and technical schematics — accessible to people with visual impairments, learning disabilities, or other conditions that affect visual processing. Diagram accessibility goes…

Dichromacy(also: Dichromatic Vision)

A category of colour vision deficiency in which one of the three types of cone cells is completely absent, reducing colour perception to two primary channels instead of three. The three forms are protanopia (missing red cones), deuteranopia (missing green cones), and tritanopia…

Discrimination Ellipse(also: Discrimination Ellipsoid, MacAdam Ellipse)

A region in a color space surrounding a given color within which other colors cannot be distinguished from it by an observer. In two dimensions this region forms an ellipse; in three-dimensional color spaces it becomes an ellipsoid. The size and shape of discrimination ellipses…

Dynamic Type(also: Dynamic Text Size, Text Scaling, Font Scaling)

An iOS accessibility feature that allows users to adjust the system-wide text size to meet their reading needs, from very small to very large. Apps that support Dynamic Type automatically reflow and resize their text content when the user changes their preferred text size in…

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