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Glossary

Terms used in accessibility research and practice. Each entry has a definition, common aliases, and category tags.

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Vocal Joystick(also: VJ, Voice Joystick)
A voice-based human-computer interface that uses continuous non-verbal vocal sounds (rather than spoken words) to provide proportional, real-time control of devices, cursors, or robotic systems. The Vocal Joystick engine extracts pitch, loudness, and vowel quality from the…
Voice Assistant(also: Smart Speaker, Voice-Activated Assistant, Conversational Agent)
A software application that uses speech recognition and natural language processing to respond to voice commands and perform tasks. Common examples include Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, and Apple Siri. Voice assistants offer accessibility benefits for users who have difficulty…
Voice Browser(also: Voice Web Browser, Audio Browser)
A voice browser is a type of web browser that presents web content through speech output and accepts voice or keyboard input rather than relying on visual display. Voice browsers convert web page content to synthesized speech using text-to-speech technology, allowing users who…
Voice User Interface(also: VUI)
A user interface that enables interaction with a device or system through spoken voice commands and audio responses. Voice user interfaces use speech recognition to interpret user input and text-to-speech or pre-recorded audio for output. For accessibility, VUIs provide an…
Voice User Interface(also: VUI, Voice Command Interface, Voice Interface)
An interface that allows users to interact with a device or application through spoken language commands rather than touch, mouse, or keyboard input. Voice user interfaces use automated speech recognition (ASR) to convert speech to text and natural language understanding (NLU)…
Voice user interface(also: VUI, Conversational interface, Voice interface)
A human-computer interaction paradigm that uses speech as the primary input and audio output as the primary feedback channel. Voice user interfaces range from simple command-and-response systems to conversational agents with natural language understanding. VUIs offer significant…
Voice-Assisted Technology(also: VAT, Voice-Activated Technology)
Technology that uses voice recognition and natural language processing to enable users to interact with devices, applications, and services through spoken commands. Voice-assisted technology encompasses smart speakers, virtual assistants on phones, and voice-enabled appliances.…
Voice-activated personal assistant(also: VAPA, Smart assistant, Virtual assistant)
An AI-powered software agent that responds to voice commands to perform tasks such as answering questions, controlling smart home devices, managing schedules, and reading content aloud. For people with visual impairments, VAPAs like Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, and Apple Siri…
VoiceXML(also: Voice Extensible Markup Language, VXML)
VoiceXML (Voice Extensible Markup Language) is a W3C standard markup language for creating voice-based user interfaces, particularly interactive voice response (IVR) systems and voice browsers. VoiceXML allows developers to define dialogs between a user and a system using…
Voicemarking(also: Voice Bookmark, Speech-Based Bookmark)
A speech-based technique for creating and retrieving semantic bookmarks in assistive web browsers. Users create voicemarks by speaking the name of a concept (e.g., "Major Headlines") and optionally a keyword, allowing them to later jump directly to that content on any website…

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