Glossary

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Android Accessibility Service(also: AccessibilityService, Android a11y Service)

The Android Accessibility Service is a system-level API that lets an app observe and interact with the UI of other applications on the device, exposing the hierarchical view tree (class names, text, bounds, clickability) and dispatching events such as focus changes, clicks, and…

Compound Document(also: Compound Web Document, Multi-format Document)

A compound document is a single deliverable that seamlessly combines content in multiple formats — for example, an HTML page that embeds a Flash movie, an SVG graphic, an MathML expression, and a video player — each with its own internal document object model. Compound documents…

IAccessible2(also: IA2)

An open accessibility API specification originally developed by IBM and donated to the Linux Foundation. IAccessible2 extends Microsoft Active Accessibility (MSAA) to support the richer semantic information needed by Web 2.0 applications, including WAI-ARIA roles, states, and…

Role Attribute(also: ARIA Role, WAI Role)

An HTML attribute that defines the purpose or type of a user interface element, communicating its function to assistive technologies. Originally proposed as part of the XHTML namespace-based approach described by Gibson and Schwerdtfeger at IBM, the role attribute became a…

System-Class Accessibility(also: Platform-Level Accessibility)

The architectural support built into an operating system to make the entire platform usable by people with disabilities. System-class accessibility encompasses three components: alternative input and output modalities (such as speech synthesis, braille displays, and switch…

Tooltip(also: Form Field Tooltip, Accessible Name (PDF))

In PDF forms, a tooltip is the programmatic label associated with a form field that assistive technologies read aloud when the user reaches that field. Unlike HTML, PDF does not have a native label-to-field association, so the tooltip carries the accessible name. Best practice…

UI Automation(also: UIA, Microsoft UI Automation, UIAutomation)

Microsoft's accessibility framework introduced in Windows Vista as the successor to Microsoft Active Accessibility (MSAA). UI Automation provides programmatic access to user interface elements, enabling assistive technologies like screen readers to identify controls, read text,…

Windowless Mode(also: Flash wmode transparent, wmode=transparent)

Windowless mode is a legacy Adobe Flash rendering option (wmode=transparent or wmode=opaque) in which the Flash player drew into the browser's graphics surface directly rather than into its own dedicated OS window. It was commonly used so that HTML content could overlap Flash…

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