Glossary

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CART(also: Communication Access Realtime Translation, Real-Time Captioning, Realtime Captioning)

A professional service providing instant, verbatim text display of spoken content, typically delivered by trained stenographers using specialized equipment. CART achieves accuracy rates of 98% or higher, far exceeding automatic speech recognition systems. It is commonly used in…

CART(also: Communication Access Real-Time Translation, Real-Time Captioning, Stenography)

A real-time captioning service where a trained stenographer uses a specialized keyboard to transcribe speech into text as it is spoken, typically with only a few seconds of delay. CART provides word-for-word transcription of spoken content for deaf and hard of hearing…

Individualized Education Program(also: IEP, Individualized Education Plan)

An Individualized Education Program (IEP) is a legally binding document in the United States that outlines the specialized instruction, services, accommodations, and goals for a student with a disability who qualifies under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).…

Meeting Accommodation(also: Meeting Accessibility)

Adjustments, services, or technologies provided to ensure that people with disabilities can fully participate in meetings, lectures, and group activities. Common meeting accommodations include sign language interpreters, real-time captioning (CART), assistive listening devices,…

Mis-accommodation(also: Failed Accommodation, Accommodation Failure)

A situation where a disability accommodation that has been formally arranged fails to provide adequate access due to the unpredictability of real-world circumstances, context-specific limitations of the technology, or incorrect assumptions about the accommodation's…

Note-Taking Accommodation(also: Note-Taker Service, Classroom Note-Taking Support)

An educational accommodation that provides students with disabilities access to lecture content they cannot capture independently. Traditional note-taking accommodations include human note-takers (peers or professionals who share their notes), lecture recording systems, and…

Notetaker(also: Note Taker, Note-Taker)

A person or service that takes notes on behalf of someone who cannot effectively take their own notes during a lecture, meeting, or event. Notetakers are a common accommodation for deaf and hard of hearing students and employees who must watch a sign language interpreter or read…

Real-Time Captioning(also: Live Captioning, Live Speech-to-Text)

The process of converting spoken language to text simultaneously or with minimal delay as the speech occurs. Real-time captioning can be produced by human transcriptionists (CART, C-Print, TypeWell), crowd workers, automatic speech recognition (ASR), or hybrid approaches. Unlike…

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