Glossary

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Ability-Diverse Collaboration(also: Cross-Ability Collaboration, Mixed-Ability Collaboration)

A framework for understanding collaborative interactions between individuals with different abilities, where participants strategically combine and share their capabilities to achieve shared outcomes. The Ability-Diverse Collaboration Framework identifies two key modes of…

Annotation(also: Web Annotation, Content Annotation)

The practice of adding supplementary information, notes, or metadata to existing digital content, typically without modifying the original source. In accessibility, annotation is used to add alternative descriptions, labels, structural information, or other accessibility…

Co-Located Collaboration(also: Co-Located Cooperation)

Co-located collaboration is the shared activity of people working or playing together while physically present in the same space, as distinct from remote or distributed collaboration. In HCI and accessibility research, co-located collaboration is studied because it adds embodied…

Code Review(also: Peer Code Review)

A software quality assurance practice in which one or more developers systematically examine source code written by a colleague, looking for bugs, design issues, readability problems, and adherence to coding standards. Code reviews can be asynchronous (reviewing pull requests)…

Code Walkthrough

A form of peer review in which a developer leads colleagues through a segment of code, explaining its logic, structure, and design decisions line by line. Unlike pair programming where both developers actively write code, a walkthrough is typically led by one person while others…

Collaboration Awareness(also: Workspace awareness, Collaborator awareness)

The ongoing, up-to-the-moment understanding of what collaborators are doing, where they are working, and what has recently changed in a shared workspace. In sighted collaboration, awareness is typically conveyed through visual cues — cursors, avatars, highlights, and selection…

Collaborative Accessibility(also: Accessible Collaboration)

Design approaches that ensure collaborative activities and shared workspaces are accessible to people with disabilities. Collaborative accessibility focuses on enabling meaningful participation in group tasks, communication, and creative activities by addressing barriers in…

Collaborative Editing(also: Collaborative Authoring, Co-Editing)

The practice of multiple users simultaneously or sequentially creating and modifying shared documents or content. In accessibility contexts, collaborative editing poses particular challenges when participants use different modalities to interact with the same content — for…

Collaborative Ideation(also: Group brainstorming, Co-ideation)

The joint process by which a group generates, refines, clusters, and converges on ideas, typically alternating between divergent and convergent thinking. Collaborative ideation is a cornerstone of design, research, and creative practice and is commonly supported by digital…

Common Ground(also: Shared Understanding, Mutual Knowledge)

The mutual knowledge, beliefs, and assumptions shared between people communicating or collaborating. In accessibility and inclusive design, establishing common ground is essential for effective collaboration between people with different sensory abilities. Sighted people often…

Cross-Ability Collaboration(also: Mixed-Ability Collaboration, Cross-Disability Collaboration)

Collaboration between people with different abilities, typically involving a person with a disability working alongside someone without that disability. In accessibility research, cross-ability collaboration often refers to partnerships between blind and sighted individuals,…

Cursor Tethering(also: Cursor Sync, Cursor Following)

A collaborative editing feature that automatically synchronizes one user's cursor position to match another user's cursor location in a shared document or code file. Unlike visual Follow mode (which syncs the viewport but not the actual cursor), cursor tethering moves the…

Digital Whiteboard(also: Online whiteboard, Virtual whiteboard, Collaborative whiteboard)

A web- or app-based collaborative canvas (e.g., Miro, FigJam, Mural, Google Jamboard) that lets multiple users co-create content on an effectively boundless surface using sticky notes, sketches, shapes, images, and connectors. Digital whiteboards have become central to remote…

Forking(also: Content Forking, Branching)

A collaborative mechanism borrowed from software version control where a user creates a copy of an existing work to modify independently while preserving the original. In audio description authoring, forking allows describers to duplicate an existing set of descriptions—whether…

Interdependent Accessibility(also: Interdependence Framework, Access Interdependence)

A framework for understanding accessibility as a collective, co-created responsibility rather than an individual accommodation. Interdependent accessibility recognizes that access is produced through relationships and collaboration between disabled and non-disabled people,…

Mixed-Ability Collaboration(also: Cross-Ability Collaboration, Mixed-Ability Teamwork)

Collaborative work involving people with different abilities, such as sighted and blind team members working together on shared tasks. Mixed-ability collaboration requires tools and practices that accommodate diverse interaction modalities so that all participants can contribute…

Mixed-Ability Team(also: Mixed-Ability Group, Mixed-Abilities Team)

A team or group composed of people with a variety of abilities, including disabled and non-disabled members who may have different sensory, motor, cognitive, or other access needs. Mixed-ability teams face unique coordination challenges because accommodations for one member may…

Pair Programming(also: Paired Programming, PP)

A software development practice where two programmers work together at one workstation, with one writing code (the "driver") and the other reviewing each line as it is typed (the "navigator" or "observer"). The two developers switch roles frequently. Pair programming promotes…

Virtual Collaboration(also: remote collaboration, virtual teamwork)

Working together across distance using digital tools—synchronous meetings on platforms like Zoom, Microsoft Teams, or Google Meet, and asynchronous channels like shared documents, Slack, and issue trackers. For accessibility, virtual collaboration can remove physical barriers…

Workspace Awareness(also: Collaborator Awareness, Shared Workspace Awareness)

The up-to-the-moment understanding of another person's interactions within a shared workspace, including their location, actions, and intentions. In collaborative software development, workspace awareness encompasses knowing which file a colleague is viewing, what line they are…

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