Glossary
Terms used in accessibility research and practice. Each entry has a definition, common aliases, and category tags.
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- Automated Decision-Making(also: ADM, Algorithmic Decision-Making)
- The process of making decisions about individuals using automated means, typically involving AI or algorithmic systems, with limited or no human intervention. Under the GDPR, "solely automated" decisions that produce "legal or similarly significant effects" on individuals are…
- CARE Principles(also: CARE, Collective Benefit, Authority to Control, Responsibility, Ethics)
- A set of people-and-purpose-oriented principles for Indigenous data governance developed by the Global Indigenous Data Alliance — Collective Benefit, Authority to Control, Responsibility, and Ethics — designed to complement the more technical FAIR principles (Findable,…
- Data Minimization
- A privacy principle requiring that organizations collect, process, and retain only the minimum amount of personal data necessary to accomplish a specific purpose. For assistive technology users, data minimization is particularly important because these technologies often capture…
- Data Protection Impact Assessment(also: DPIA, Privacy Impact Assessment, PIA)
- A process required under GDPR Article 35 for assessing and mitigating risks to individuals' rights and freedoms before undertaking high-risk data processing. DPIAs are mandatory when processing is "likely to result in a high risk," including large-scale processing of special…
- Data Sovereignty
- The principle that data about a community — its people, territories, practices, or bodies — should be subject to the laws, governance, and collective authority of that community rather than of the outside entities that happen to collect or host it. The concept originated in…
- Dataveillance
- Surveillance conducted through the systematic collection, aggregation, and analysis of personal digital data — clicks, location traces, physiological signals, text, voice, facial data — rather than through direct observation. Dataveillance is the dominant mode in modern…
- GDPR(also: General Data Protection Regulation)
- A comprehensive data privacy regulation enacted by the European Union in 2018 that governs how organizations collect, store, process, and share personal data of EU residents. GDPR establishes key principles including consent (users must actively agree to data collection), the…
- OCAP Principles(also: OCAP, Ownership, Control, Access, and Possession)
- A set of principles developed by the First Nations Information Governance Centre establishing that First Nations communities must own, control, access, and possess data and information about themselves — their people, territories, resources, and cultural knowledge. OCAP emerged…
- Personally Identifiable Information(also: PII)
- Any data that can be used to identify a specific individual, such as name, email address, location, biometric data, or device identifiers. For assistive technology users, PII concerns are heightened because the data collected often reveals sensitive information about a person's…
- Personally Identifying Information(also: PII, Personal Data, Personally Identifiable Information)
- Any data that can be used to identify a specific individual, including names, addresses, photographs, financial details, and biometric data. In accessibility contexts, PII is a significant concern when disabled users contribute data for AI training, as they may inadvertently…
- Privacy-Enhancing Data Filters(also: Privacy Filters, Data Obfuscation Filters)
- Visual or data modifications applied to training datasets that obscure the identity of contributors while preserving the information needed for machine learning tasks. In the context of sign language video, these filters may include face blurring, cel shading, avatar…
- Private Visual Content(also: PVC, Visual Privacy)
- Private visual content (PVC) refers to visual information in images or videos that the person depicted or sharing the content considers private and would not want publicly disclosed. For people who are blind using visual interpreter services, PVC is a particular concern because…
- Special Category Data(also: Sensitive Personal Data)
- Under the GDPR, certain types of personal data that receive heightened protection due to their sensitive nature. Special categories include data revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious beliefs, trade union membership, genetic data, biometric data, health…
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