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Glossary

Terms used in accessibility research and practice. Each entry has a definition, common aliases, and category tags.

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ALTO(also: Analyzed Layout and Text Object, ALTO XML)
An open XML format maintained by the US Library of Congress that stores the output of OCR (optical character recognition) together with the layout information of the scanned pages: character positions, confidence scores, candidate alternative characters, block and line geometry,…
DTBook(also: Digital Talking Book XML, DAISY DTBook)
The XML text format used inside DAISY 3 (ANSI/NISO Z39.86) digital talking books to represent the text content of a book in a structured, accessible way. DTBook provides elements for headings, paragraphs, lists, tables, sidebars, poetry, and other document structures, enabling a…
OOXML(also: Open Office XML, Office Open XML, ECMA-376)
An XML-based file format standard for representing documents, spreadsheets, presentations, and charts in Microsoft Office applications (Word, Excel, PowerPoint). Introduced in Office 2007, OOXML files use extensions like .docx, .xlsx, and .pptx. For accessibility, the XML…
USDZ(also: Universal Scene Description Zip)
A 3D file format based on Pixar's Universal Scene Description (USD), packaged as a zip archive so a single file can carry meshes, textures, materials, and animations. USDZ is the default 3D asset format on Apple platforms and powers iOS 'AR Quick Look' and many retail…

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