Glossary

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Audio Emphasis Level(also: AEL)

A sonification technique that represents the degree of visual emphasis applied to text (such as larger font size, bold styling, or color changes) using distinct audio cues layered onto speech output. For example, strongly emphasized text might be accompanied by a bell ringing…

Background Color Music(also: BCM)

A sonification technique that maps the background colors of visually distinct content regions on a web page to recognizable melodies, allowing blind users to perceive the color-based grouping structure of a page through hearing. Each background color is assigned a unique melody…

Eye-Gaze in Sign Language(also: Eye Gaze, Gaze Direction)

The use of eye direction and movement as a grammatical and communicative feature in sign languages. In American Sign Language and other sign languages, eye-gaze serves multiple linguistic functions including indicating the location of referents in signing space, marking…

Foreground Sound(also: FS)

In sonification-based web accessibility interfaces, a non-speech audio cue that represents individual content elements within a web page, such as links, images, or text blocks. Foreground sounds are designed to be short, distinct, and attention-grabbing, contrasting with the…

Graphical Semantic Enhancement(also: Semantic Graphics, Labeled Graphics)

The practice of enriching graphical objects with meaningful text labels, descriptions, and metadata so that they can be understood non-visually. In accessible drawing and diagramming tools, graphical semantic enhancement allows users to assign descriptive labels to shapes,…

Grid-Based Interface(also: Grid Navigation Interface)

An interaction paradigm that divides a screen or workspace into a grid of cells, allowing users to navigate by specifying grid coordinates rather than precise pixel positions. Grid-based interfaces are particularly valuable for non-visual access because they provide a structured…

IC2D(also: Integrated Communication 2 Draw)

A drawing application developed at UC Berkeley that enables blind and visually impaired users to create, explore, and label graphical images using a keyboard-operated grid-based auditory interface. IC2D uses a recursive 3x3 grid mapped to the telephone numpad for spatial…

Tactilization(also: Tactile Rendering, Haptic Rendering)

The process of converting visual or abstract information into tactile representations that can be perceived through the sense of touch. In accessibility, tactilization transforms content such as web page layouts, data visualizations, or text emphasis into patterns of vibration,…

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