Glossary

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Tempo(also: BPM, Beats Per Minute)

The speed or pace of a musical piece, typically measured in beats per minute (BPM). Tempo is one of the primary features that shapes emotional perception of music — fast tempos (130+ BPM) are associated with excitement and urgency, slow tempos (60–80 BPM) with calm or solemnity.…

Text-to-Audio(also: Text-to-Audio Generation, TTA)

A class of generative AI models that synthesise non-speech sound (environmental sounds, sound effects, music stems) from a text prompt - for example producing the sound of 'leaves rustling in wind' or 'church bells ringing'. Distinct from text-to-speech, which produces spoken…

Text-to-Sound(also: Text-to-Audio, TTA, Sound Generation from Text)

A class of generative AI models that synthesize non-speech audio - sound effects, ambient environments, foley, or short music clips - from a natural-language description such as 'a door creaking shut' or 'cloth ruffling as a coat is removed'. Distinct from text-to-speech, which…

Text-to-Speech(also: TTS, Speech Synthesis)

Technology that converts written text into spoken audio output. Text-to-speech is a fundamental component of many assistive technologies, including screen readers, audio description tools, and communication devices for people with speech disabilities. Modern TTS systems use…

Timbre(also: Tone Colour, Tone Color)

The perceived quality or 'colour' of a sound that distinguishes different sources playing the same pitch and loudness — for instance, the difference between a flute, a violin, and a human voice singing the same note. Timbre is determined largely by the spectral content (the…

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