Glossary

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CaBot(also: Carry-on Robot, Carnegie Mellon Suitcase Robot)

A research project begun in 2017 at Carnegie Mellon University that developed a suitcase-shaped autonomous navigation robot to guide blind and low-vision travellers through indoor public spaces. CaBot pioneered the "grip-the-handle-and-walk" interaction pattern, combining LiDAR,…

Cane Simulation(also: Virtual Cane, White Cane Simulation)

A virtual reality application that simulates the experience of using a white cane (long cane) for navigation, allowing blind users to explore virtual environments through haptic feedback. In a cane simulation, the user's finger or hand position is mapped to a virtual cane that…

Cane Technique(also: White Cane Technique, Long Cane Technique)

The set of physical methods a blind or low-vision person uses to manipulate a long white cane while traveling. Common techniques include the two-point touch (side-to-side sweeping, touching ground at each step), constant-contact (sliding the cane tip along the ground in an arc),…

Category 3 Blindness(also: ICD-10 H54 Category 3, WHO Category 3 Visual Impairment)

A classification of severe visual impairment under the World Health Organization's ICD-10 coding for disorders of the visual system (H54). Category 3 covers blindness in which the better eye has presenting visual acuity worse than 1/60 (20/1200 Snellen) but can still perceive…

Clock Technique(also: Clock Method, Clock Face Direction System)

An orientation method used in mobility training for blind and visually impaired people in which directions are communicated using the positions on an analogue clock face. The user imagines standing at the centre of a clock with 12 o'clock directly ahead, 3 o'clock to the right,…

Cocktail Party Effect

The human ability to focus auditory attention on a single speaker or sound source while filtering out competing voices and background noise. Named after the experience of following one conversation at a noisy party, this perceptual phenomenon demonstrates that the auditory…

Congenital Blindness(also: Congenital Vision Loss)

Blindness or severe visual impairment present from birth or very early childhood, as opposed to acquired or adventitious blindness that develops later in life. The distinction is significant for accessibility because congenitally blind individuals may have different information…

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