Glossary
Terms used in accessibility research and practice. Each entry has a definition, common aliases, and category tags.
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- Accessible Voting(also: Inclusive Voting, Accessible Elections)
- Accessible voting refers to the design and implementation of voting systems, processes, and polling places that enable all eligible citizens — including those with disabilities — to cast their ballots independently and privately. Barriers to accessible voting include…
- Ballot Design(also: Accessible Ballot Design)
- The layout and interaction design of the form through which voters select and cast their choices, covering paper ballots, electronic voting machines, and online interfaces. Well-studied accessibility and usability principles for ballot design include randomising the order of…
- Ballot Marking Device(also: BMD, Ballot Marking System)
- A ballot marking device (BMD) is an electronic system that assists voters in marking their ballot selections, typically producing a printed paper ballot as a verifiable record. Unlike direct recording electronic (DRE) voting machines that store votes digitally, BMDs produce a…
- End-to-End Verifiable Voting(also: E2E-V, End-to-End Verifiable Election System)
- A class of voting systems designed so that each voter can independently verify their vote was cast as intended, recorded as cast, and counted as recorded, while preserving ballot secrecy. Examples include Helios, Belenios, Scantegrity, Pret-a-Voter, and newer wallet-based…
- Help America Vote Act(also: HAVA)
- The Help America Vote Act (HAVA) is a United States federal law enacted in 2002 in response to the voting irregularities of the 2000 Presidential Election. HAVA established mandatory minimum standards for states in key areas of election administration, including requirements…
- Vote Verification(also: Cast-as-Intended Verification, Recorded-as-Cast Verification)
- The ability for a voter to confirm that their vote was correctly cast, recorded, and counted — a core requirement for trustworthy electronic and online elections. Traditional code-based verification schemes (Helios, Belenios) ask the voter to compare random strings between their…
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