Glossary

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Cross-Modal Consistency(also: Multimodal Consistency, Cross-Modal Alignment)

The alignment and coherence of information presented simultaneously through different sensory channels — such as touch and hearing, or vision and sound. In accessible education, cross-modal consistency ensures that what a blind user feels through tactile graphics matches what…

Distributed Cognition(also: DCog)

A theoretical framework developed by Edwin Hutchins that views cognitive processes as distributed across individuals, artifacts, and the environment rather than confined to a single mind. In accessibility contexts, distributed cognition helps explain how people — particularly…

Dual Coding Theory(also: DCT)

A cognitive theory proposed by Allan Paivio in 1971 that posits humans process information through two distinct but interconnected channels: verbal (language-based) and non-verbal (imagery-based). When information is presented through both channels simultaneously, comprehension…

Embodied Cognition(also: Embodiment)

A theory in cognitive science proposing that the mind is not an isolated entity but is deeply integrated with the body's sensorimotor systems. In other words, how we think, perceive, and make decisions is shaped by our physical bodies and their interactions with the environment.…

Intrinsic Complexity(also: Intrinsic Cognitive Load)

In Cognitive Load Theory, intrinsic complexity refers to the inherent difficulty of understanding and processing the content or material itself, as opposed to extraneous complexity which arises from how the material is presented or accessed. In accessibility contexts,…

Multiple Resource Theory(also: Wickens Multiple Resource Model)

A cognitive psychology theory proposed by Christopher Wickens that explains how humans allocate attention across concurrent tasks. The theory posits that humans have separate pools of cognitive resources for different modalities (visual vs. auditory), processing stages…

POMDP(also: Partially Observable Markov Decision Process)

A Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) is a mathematical framework for modelling decision-making in situations where an agent cannot fully observe the state of its environment. In accessibility research, POMDPs are used to model how people with visual impairments…

Visual Saliency(also: Saliency Detection, Visual Attention Prediction)

A computer vision concept referring to the degree to which visual elements attract attention compared to their surroundings. Saliency detection models predict which parts of an image or video frame will draw the viewer eye first, based on factors like contrast, color, motion,…

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