Glossary

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Macular Degeneration(also: AMD, Age-Related Macular Degeneration, ARMD)

A progressive eye condition affecting the macula — the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. It is the leading cause of severe vision loss in people over 50 in developed countries. Macular degeneration gradually destroys central vision while…

Macular degeneration(also: AMD, Age-related macular degeneration, ARMD)

A progressive eye disease that damages the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. It is the leading cause of vision loss in people over 50, affecting central vision while typically leaving peripheral vision intact. This means people with…

Mild Cognitive Impairment(also: MCI)

A condition involving a noticeable decline in cognitive abilities — including memory, reasoning, or judgment — that is greater than expected for a person's age but does not significantly interfere with daily functioning. MCI is distinct from dementia in that individuals…

Mild cognitive impairment(also: MCI)

A condition involving a noticeable decline in cognitive abilities — such as memory or thinking skills — that is greater than expected for a person's age but does not significantly interfere with daily independent functioning. MCI is not classified as dementia, and in some cases…

Mobility Impairment(also: Mobility Disability, Physical Mobility Limitation)

A condition that limits a person's ability to move freely and independently, affecting functions such as walking, climbing stairs, or maintaining balance. Mobility impairments can result from congenital conditions, spinal cord injuries, amputations, neurological conditions like…

Motor Neuron Disease(also: MND, ALS, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis)

A group of progressive neurological disorders that destroy motor neurons, the cells controlling voluntary muscle activity including speaking, walking, breathing, and swallowing. ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) is the most common form. As the disease progresses, people lose…

Motor Skill(also: Motor Skills, Gross Motor Skill, Fine Motor Skill)

A motor skill is a learned ability to produce a coordinated movement of muscles to achieve an outcome, ranging from gross-motor actions like walking, jumping, and balancing to fine-motor actions like handwriting, buttoning a shirt, or manipulating a stylus. Motor skills strongly…

Motor speech disorder(also: MSD)

A category of speech disorders caused by neurological impairments affecting the motor planning, programming, or execution of speech movements. Motor speech disorders include dysarthria (muscle weakness or paralysis) and apraxia of speech (difficulty coordinating voluntary speech…

Multimorbidity(also: Multiple Long-term Conditions, Co-occurring Conditions)

Multimorbidity is the presence of two or more chronic health conditions or long-term impairments in a single individual. It is especially prevalent among older adults and is a major factor in the complexity of accessibility needs. Research shows that multimorbidity is the norm…

Multiple sclerosis(also: MS)

A progressive disease of the central nervous system caused by the immune system attacking the protective myelin sheath around nerve fibres, causing them to fail or misfire. The randomness of the damage means that symptoms vary widely between individuals and over time, including…

Muscular Dystrophy(also: MD)

A group of inherited genetic conditions that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass, affecting mobility, upper limb function, and in some forms, respiratory and cardiac function. People with muscular dystrophy often rely on electric wheelchairs for mobility and may…

Muscular Dystrophy(also: MD)

A group of inherited genetic conditions that cause progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles, the muscles that control movement. There are many types of muscular dystrophy varying in severity, age of onset, and which muscles are affected. Because muscular…

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