Glossary

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Language-Based Learning Impairment(also: LLI, Language Learning Impairment, Language Learning Disability)

A developmental condition in which children have difficulty acquiring language and later reading skills while other cognitive abilities appear relatively intact. Language-based learning impairments affect an estimated 20% of preschool and school-aged children, and more than 50%…

Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy(also: LHON)

A maternally inherited genetic condition that causes sudden or rapid loss of central vision, typically affecting young adults between the ages of 15 and 35. LHON results from mutations in mitochondrial DNA that damage the optic nerve, leading to significant bilateral central…

Leukodystrophy(also: Leukodystrophies)

Leukodystrophy is a group of rare, progressive, metabolic, genetic diseases that affect the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves by damaging the white matter (myelin sheath) that insulates nerve fibers. Symptoms can include difficulty with movement and coordination, speech…

Limb Difference(also: Limb Deficiency, Upper-Limb Difference)

Limb difference is a term used to describe the absence or malformation of one or more limbs or parts of limbs. It can be congenital (present from birth) or acquired through amputation due to injury, disease, or surgery. The term "limb difference" is increasingly preferred over…

Low-Functioning Autism(also: LFA, Classic Autism, Level 3 Autism)

A descriptor historically used to characterize individuals with autism spectrum disorder who have significant support needs, including limited or no verbal communication, intellectual disability, and difficulty with daily living skills. The term is increasingly considered…

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