Glossary

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Backchannel Feedback(also: Backchannel, Backchanneling, Backchannel Cues)

Verbal or non-verbal signals given by a listener during a conversation to show attention, understanding, or agreement without taking over the speaking turn. Common examples include head nods, vocalizations like mm-hmm, thumbs-up gestures, and brief verbal affirmations.…

Bilingual Education(also: Bilingual-Bicultural Education, Bi-Bi Education)

Bilingual education in the context of deaf education refers to teaching approaches that use both sign language and the written form of a spoken language as languages of instruction. Often called bilingual-bicultural (Bi-Bi) education, this model recognizes sign language as the…

Bilingual-Bicultural Education(also: Bi-Bi Education, Bilingual Bicultural Education)

Bilingual-bicultural (Bi-Bi) education is an approach to Deaf education in which children learn in both a natural sign language (e.g., ASL, BSL, LSF, LGP) as a first language and the surrounding written/spoken language as a second language, while engaging substantively with both…

Bimodal Bilingualism(also: Bimodal-Bilingual)

The ability to use two languages that exist in different modalities — typically a signed language (visual-gestural modality) and a spoken/written language (auditory-vocal modality). Unlike unimodal bilinguals who use two spoken languages, bimodal bilinguals can potentially…

Bone conduction(also: Bone conduction hearing, Bone anchored hearing)

Bone conduction is a method of sound transmission that delivers audio vibrations through the bones of the skull directly to the inner ear, bypassing the outer and middle ear. Bone conduction technology is used in hearing aids and headphones designed for people with conductive…

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