Glossary

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Re-speaking(also: Respeaking, Speech-to-Text Relay)

A captioning technique in which a trained operator listens to a speaker and repeats (re-speaks) their words clearly into a high-quality microphone in a controlled environment, allowing automatic speech recognition software to generate captions with higher accuracy than direct…

Reading Literacy(also: Print Literacy, Text Literacy)

The ability to read and comprehend written text. In accessibility research with Deaf and Hard of Hearing populations, reading literacy is an important consideration because English literacy rates are statistically lower among deaf adults in the United States compared to the…

Real-Time Captioning(also: CART, Communication Access Realtime Translation, Live Captioning)

The instant conversion of spoken language into text displayed simultaneously as speech occurs, provided either by a trained human captioner or through automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology. Real-time captioning is a critical accessibility service for Deaf and…

Real-Time Captioning(also: Live Captioning, CART, Communication Access Realtime Translation)

The process of converting spoken language into text display in real time, typically with only a few seconds of delay. Professional real-time captioning (CART) uses stenographers with specialised shorthand keyboards who can type at speaking rates of 170+ words per minute,…

Remote Captioning(also: Remote CART, Remote Real-Time Captioning)

A live captioning service delivered at a distance, in which a human captioner (CART provider) or automatic speech recognition system receives an audio feed from a meeting, classroom, or event over the internet or a phone line and transmits transcribed text back to the user in…

Remote Interpretation(also: Remote Sign Language Interpreting, Distance Interpreting)

The provision of sign language or spoken language interpretation services through technology platforms that use live video streaming, allowing the interpreter to work from a different location than the participants. Remote interpretation encompasses both video remote…

Remote interpreting(also: Video remote interpreting, VRI, Remote sign language interpreting)

The provision of sign language interpretation or other communication access services through video technology, where the interpreter is located in a different physical space from the deaf or hard of hearing person. Remote interpreting uses networked video connections to link…

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