Glossary
Terms used in accessibility research and practice. Each entry has a definition, common aliases, and category tags.
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- Accessibility Evaluation Framework(also: A11y Assessment Framework, Accessibility Testing Framework)
- A structured methodology for systematically assessing the accessibility of digital content, products, or services against established standards and guidelines. Effective frameworks define the criteria to be evaluated, the methods for evaluation (automated testing, manual…
- Accessible Documentation(also: Accessible Instructions)
- Documentation - user manuals, help content, installation guides, release notes, API docs - produced in a form that can be read and acted on by people with disabilities, including blind and low-vision users, users with cognitive disabilities, and Deaf users. Accessible…
- Accessible PDF(also: Tagged PDF, PDF/UA)
- An accessible PDF is a Portable Document Format file that has been structured with tags, reading order, alternative text for images, and other metadata so that it can be navigated and read by assistive technologies such as screen readers. The PDF/UA (Universal Accessibility)…
- Accessible Slides(also: Accessible Presentation Slides, Non-Visually Accessible Slides)
- Presentation slides that have been structured and annotated to be usable by people with disabilities, particularly blind and visually impaired users who access content via screen readers. Accessible slides include proper read order for elements, alternative text for images and…
- Artifact(also: PDF artifact, Background artifact)
- In PDF accessibility, an artifact is content that is marked as decorative or non-essential and should be ignored by assistive technologies. Examples include page numbers, headers/footers, decorative images, background graphics, and watermarks. Properly marking artifacts prevents…
- AsTeR(also: Audio System for Technical Readings)
- An interactive computing system developed by T. V. Raman in his 1994 PhD thesis at Cornell University that converts LaTeX documents into navigable audio documents. AsTeR parses electronic documents into a tree structure that listeners can interactively browse, enabling…
- Audio Formatting(also: Audio Rendering)
- The process of converting structured electronic documents into audio output that conveys not just textual content but also the logical structure and formatting of the original document. Audio formatting uses synthesizer parameters such as pitch, stereo positioning, speaking…
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