Glossary

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Gallaudet University

A federally chartered private university in Washington, D.C., and the only university in the world designed specifically for deaf and hard of hearing students, with all programs and services tailored to their needs. Founded in 1864 and named after Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, a…

Gamification(also: Game-Based Learning)

The application of game design elements and principles in non-game contexts to increase engagement, motivation, and learning outcomes. In reading accessibility, gamification has been used in literacy development tools for children with disabilities, including reading therapy…

Gaokao(also: National College Entrance Examination)

The national college entrance examination in mainland China, taken annually by high school students to determine admission to Chinese universities. Since 2017, the Chinese Ministry of Education has formally permitted reasonable accommodations for disabled students on the gaokao,…

Gaze Switching(also: Visual Attention Switching, Split Attention)

The act of shifting visual focus between two or more information sources, such as between captions and presentation slides in a classroom, or between a sign language interpreter and a speaker. Gaze switching is particularly costly for deaf and hard of hearing students who rely…

Generalization(also: Skill Generalization, Transfer of Learning)

The ability to apply a skill or concept learned in one setting, with one set of materials, or with one person, to new settings, materials, or people. Generalization is a major focus in autism education and therapy because autistic individuals may learn a skill in a specific…

Generative Thinking(also: Generative Cognition, Creative Problem Solving)

Generative thinking is the cognitive ability to spontaneously produce novel ideas, solutions, or approaches to problems without external prompting. In the context of autism and cognitive accessibility, generative thinking is significant because it is often considered impaired in…

Germane Cognitive Load(also: Germane Load)

One of three types of cognitive load identified by cognitive load theory, referring to the mental effort devoted to processing, constructing, and automating knowledge schemas — the productive cognitive work that leads to actual learning. Unlike extraneous load (which is…

Graph Literacy(also: Graphical Literacy, Graphicacy)

The ability to read, interpret, and construct graphs and other visual data representations. Graph literacy is a critical component of STEM education and is often tested as part of mathematics and science standards. For students with visual impairments, developing graph literacy…

Graphical Model(also: Visual Model, Graphical Representation)

In educational and accessibility contexts, a visual representation system that uses shapes, colours, spatial relationships, and physical manipulation to convey abstract concepts. Graphical models for mathematics represent numbers as groups of objects whose size corresponds to…

Guided Participation

Guided participation is a concept from Barbara Rogoff's developmental psychology describing how children learn through engaged collaboration with more experienced partners in everyday shared activities - not through formal instruction, but through side-by-side participation…

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