Glossary

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NGO Intervention(also: Non-Governmental Organization Intervention, Civil Society Intervention)

Programs and initiatives led by non-governmental organizations to address gaps in public services, including education, healthcare, and assistive technology provision for people with disabilities. In India, NGOs like Vision Empower and Winvinaya Foundation have become critical…

NIMAS(also: National Instructional Materials Accessibility Standard)

A technical standard in the United States that defines a consistent file format for producing accessible versions of print instructional materials. NIMAS is based on the DAISY/NISO standard and specifies how publishers must provide source files so they can be converted into…

Non-Visual Mental Model(also: Non-Visual Representation, Tactile Mental Model)

A cognitive representation of concepts, objects, or systems built through non-visual sensory channels — primarily touch, hearing, and proprioception — rather than through sight. People who are blind develop non-visual mental models that may differ structurally from visual models…

Note-Taking(also: Classroom Note-Taking)

The process of recording information during lectures, meetings, or presentations. In education, note-taking is an active learning strategy that helps students stay focused, cognitively process material, and retain information — benefits that occur even if notes are never…

Note-Taking Accommodation(also: Note-Taker Service, Classroom Note-Taking Support)

An educational accommodation that provides students with disabilities access to lecture content they cannot capture independently. Traditional note-taking accommodations include human note-takers (peers or professionals who share their notes), lecture recording systems, and…

Notetaker(also: Note Taker, Note-Taker)

A person or service that takes notes on behalf of someone who cannot effectively take their own notes during a lecture, meeting, or event. Notetakers are a common accommodation for deaf and hard of hearing students and employees who must watch a sign language interpreter or read…

Notetaking(also: Note-Taking, Note Taking Service)

The practice of recording key information from spoken presentations, lectures, or meetings, either by the individual or by a designated notetaker as an accessibility accommodation. In educational accessibility, professional or peer notetaking services are commonly provided for…

Number Sense(also: Numeracy Intuition, Numerical Cognition)

The intuitive understanding of numbers, their magnitude, relationships, and how they are affected by operations. Number sense includes the ability to estimate quantities, understand relative size, recognize patterns, and make meaningful comparisons between numbers without…

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