Glossary

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Episodic Memory(also: Autobiographical Memory, Personal Experience Memory)

The memory of specific personal experiences and events, including details about what happened, where and when it occurred, and the emotions associated with it. Episodic memory allows people to mentally "travel back in time" to re-experience past events from a first-person…

External Memory

Information held outside the brain — in notes, calendars, photographs, voice recordings, alarms, labelled objects, or digital systems — that a person draws on to remember names, dates, tasks, procedures, or autobiographical content. External memory is a core accessibility…

Gaze Reinstatement(also: Gaze Reinstatement Effect, Looking-at-Nothing Paradigm)

Gaze reinstatement is the cognitive phenomenon in which a person mentally recalling or imagining a previously seen scene reproduces, on a blank or unrelated surface, eye movement patterns similar to those made when the scene was first viewed. The effect was demonstrated through…

Memory Cue(also: Memory Prompt, Recall Cue, Retrieval Cue)

Any stimulus — such as a photograph, sound, object, location, or verbal prompt — that triggers the recollection of a past experience or piece of information. In assistive technology for people with episodic memory impairment, memory cues are used to help individuals recall…

SenseCam(also: Microsoft SenseCam, Vicon Revue)

A wearable digital camera originally developed by Microsoft Research that automatically captures photos throughout the day without requiring the wearer to actively take pictures. SenseCam is worn around the neck and uses sensors (light level, temperature, passive infrared for…

Short-Term Memory(also: STM, Immediate Memory)

The cognitive system that temporarily holds small amounts of information (typically 7±2 items) for brief periods, usually less than 30 seconds without rehearsal. Short-term memory is distinct from working memory, which involves actively manipulating information. Many cognitive…

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