Glossary

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APK(also: Android Package, Android Application Package)

The file format used to distribute and install Android applications, containing compiled code, resources, assets, certificates, and a manifest describing the app's components and permissions. Accessibility researchers and auditors frequently work with APK files directly — either…

Accessibility Live Region(also: accessibilityLiveRegion, Android Live Region)

An Android accessibility attribute that tells TalkBack to automatically announce changes to a view's content, without requiring the user to move focus to it. Developers set it on a view to make dynamic updates such as error messages, status banners, or count-down timers audible…

Camera Guidance(also: Camera Aiming Assistance, Framing Assistance)

Non-visual feedback systems that help blind users position a camera to capture usable images of documents, objects, or scenes. Guidance may include spoken directional instructions (e.g., "move up", "move left"), audio tones indicating proximity to a target, or vibration…

F-Droid

A catalogue and package repository for free and open-source Android applications, used as an alternative to Google Play, with every app built and signed from publicly auditable source code. Accessibility researchers frequently use F-Droid as a target ecosystem for studies and…

Mobile Accessibility(also: Mobile A11y)

The practice of ensuring that mobile applications, websites, and devices are usable by people with disabilities. Mobile accessibility encompasses touchscreen interaction for blind and motor-impaired users, responsive design for various screen sizes and orientations,…

Mobile OCR(also: Smartphone OCR, Camera-based OCR)

Optical character recognition performed using a smartphone or tablet camera rather than a traditional flatbed scanner. Mobile OCR apps like KNFB Reader, Prizmo, and Text Detective enable blind and visually impaired users to capture and read printed text on the go, including…

Mobile Web Accessibility(also: Mobile Accessibility)

The practice of ensuring websites and web applications are usable by people with disabilities when accessed through mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Mobile web accessibility presents unique challenges including small screen sizes, touch-based interaction, device…

Voice over LTE(also: VoLTE, LTE Voice, HD Voice)

A standard for transmitting voice calls over 4G LTE mobile networks using IP-based protocols rather than legacy circuit-switched networks. VoLTE typically uses the AMR-WB codec, enabling wideband HD voice quality that significantly benefits people with hearing loss. The improved…

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