Glossary

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APK(also: Android Package, Android Application Package)

The file format used to distribute and install Android applications, containing compiled code, resources, assets, certificates, and a manifest describing the app's components and permissions. Accessibility researchers and auditors frequently work with APK files directly — either…

Background Script(also: Background Scripts, Background Page)

Code in a browser extension that runs independently of any specific web page, handling long-lived logic such as responding to browser events, managing storage, or coordinating with remote services. Under Manifest V3, background scripts are implemented as service workers rather…

Chrome Web Store(also: CWS)

Google's official marketplace for Chrome browser extensions, themes, and applications, organised into 18 categories including Accessibility, Privacy & Security, Productivity, and Shopping. Extensions submitted to the store undergo automated review and, in some cases, manual…

Content Script(also: Content Scripts)

Code injected by a browser extension that runs in the context of a specific web page, with direct access to the page's DOM via standard JavaScript APIs. Content scripts let extensions read and modify page content (including adding accessibility features such as contrast…

Content Security Policy(also: CSP)

An HTTP response header that allows web developers to restrict which sources of content (scripts, styles, images, frames, etc.) a browser will load for a given page, mitigating cross-site scripting and data injection attacks. CSP interacts with browser extensions because strict…

Manifest V3(also: MV3)

The current version of the Chrome extension manifest format, introduced to improve security, privacy, and performance over Manifest V2 (which is being deprecated). MV3 replaces persistent background pages with service workers, restricts remote code execution, and changes how…

Service Worker(also: Service Workers)

A JavaScript worker that runs in the background of a web page or browser extension, independently of any open tab. Service workers handle events such as network requests, push notifications, and background sync, and form the basis of progressive web apps and Manifest V3 browser…

Third-Party Tracking(also: 3rd-Party Tracking)

Tracking performed by a domain different from the one a user is visiting, typically via embedded scripts, ad networks, analytics tags, or browser extensions that phone home to external services. Third-party trackers aggregate browsing behaviour across many sites and can be…

Web Tracking(also: Online Tracking, Behavioural Tracking)

The collection of information about users across websites, typically by third parties, using techniques such as cookies, fingerprinting, tracking pixels, and network requests. Web tracking raises privacy concerns and can disproportionately affect disabled users who install more…

WebExtensions API(also: WebExtensions, Web Extensions API)

A cross-browser standard for building browser extensions, supported by Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Opera, and other major browsers. It defines how extensions declare capabilities in a manifest.json file, inject content scripts, run background logic, and access browser APIs such as…

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