Glossary

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ACCMD(also: ACCessibility MetaData, IMS ACCessibility MetaData)

A metadata specification developed by the IMS Global Learning Consortium for describing the accessibility characteristics of learning resources. ACCMD provides a structured way to document whether a resource contains auditory, visual, textual, or tactile information, and to…

Affective Captions(also: Affective Captioning, Emotive Captions)

Captions that convey not only the spoken words but also the emotional qualities of speech — such as valence (positive vs. negative tone) and arousal (intensity) — typically through typographic modulations like font-color, font-weight, or font-size, and increasingly through…

Ambient Audio(also: Ambient Sound, Environmental Audio, Background Audio)

The background sound of an environment — voices, traffic, water, wind, music, birdsong — captured incidentally rather than as the main focus of a recording. In accessible photography and audiophotography tools, ambient audio is often recorded automatically in the seconds leading…

Audio Description(also: AD, Descriptive Video, Video Description)

A narration track added to video content that describes important visual information for people who are blind or have low vision. Audio descriptions are inserted during natural pauses in dialogue and other audio, conveying key visual elements such as actions, scene changes,…

Audio Description Script(also: AD Script, Video Description Script, Described Video Script)

An audio description script is the written text that forms the basis of an audio description track for video content. The script contains narration that describes visual elements — including actions, scene changes, character appearances, on-screen text, and other visual…

Audio Interference(also: Audio Conflict, Speech Conflict)

Audio interference in a digital accessibility context is the overlap of two or more sound streams in a user's environment such that one masks another — most commonly, auto-playing media audio on a webpage drowning out a screen reader's synthesized speech. Because most consumer…

Audio-Video Synchrony(also: AV Sync, Lip Sync, Audio-Video Synchronization)

The temporal alignment between audio and video streams in multimedia content or real-time communication. When audio and video are not properly synchronized, the mismatch can significantly impair speech understanding for people with hearing loss who rely on lipreading to…

Audiophotography(also: Audiophotograph, Audio Photograph, Sound Photograph)

A medium proposed by Frohlich and Tallyn in which a photograph is packaged together with an associated audio recording — typically ambient sound captured at the moment of the shutter, a spoken caption added afterwards, or both. For accessibility practice the audiophotograph is a…

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