Glossary

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BLE Beacon(also: Bluetooth Low Energy Beacon, iBeacon, Bluetooth Beacon)

A BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) beacon is a small wireless transmitter that broadcasts a signal at regular intervals, which can be detected by nearby smartphones to determine a user's indoor location. In accessibility contexts, networks of BLE beacons are widely used to enable…

Blind Navigation(also: Non-visual navigation, Navigation for blind people)

The subfield of navigation research and assistive technology that addresses how people who are blind or have low vision find their way through indoor and outdoor environments without relying on sight. Solutions range from the white cane and guide dog to smartphone apps, BLE…

Bluetooth Beacons(also: BLE Beacons, iBeacons, Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons)

Small wireless transmitters that use Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to broadcast signals to nearby smartphones and other devices. In accessibility contexts, Bluetooth beacons are deployed in indoor environments to support wayfinding and navigation for blind and visually impaired…

Bluetooth beacon(also: BLE beacon, iBeacon)

A small wireless transmitter that uses Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to broadcast signals to nearby devices, enabling indoor positioning and proximity detection. In accessibility applications, beacon networks deployed throughout buildings allow navigation apps to determine a user's…

Bone Conduction(also: Bone Conduction Headphones, Bone Conduction Audio)

A method of transmitting sound vibrations through the bones of the skull directly to the inner ear, bypassing the outer and middle ear. Bone conduction headphones rest on the cheekbones or temples rather than covering or inserting into the ears, leaving the ear canals open to…

Breadcrumb(also: Breadcrumb Navigation, Breadcrumb Trail, Breadcrumbs)

A secondary navigation pattern that displays the user's current location within a site or application hierarchy as a series of linked steps, typically separated by arrows or slashes. Breadcrumbs help users understand where they are in a structure and navigate back to higher…

Built environment

The human-made surroundings that provide the setting for daily activity, encompassing buildings, streets, sidewalks, parks, transit systems, and all other constructed infrastructure. In accessibility, the built environment is a primary source of disabling barriers — missing curb…

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