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Glossary

Terms used in accessibility research and practice. Each entry has a definition, common aliases, and category tags.

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Macro-Navigation(also: Macro Navigation)
The process of navigating through the broader environment at the level of routes, streets, landmarks, and destinations — knowing where you are in a city, which direction to travel, and how to reach a distant goal. In contrast to micro-navigation (detecting immediate obstacles…
Mental Map(also: Cognitive Map, Mental Model of Space)
An internal cognitive representation of a physical environment, including spatial relationships, landmarks, routes, and distances. For people with blindness or visual impairments, building a mental map of a route before traveling is a critical strategy for independent mobility,…
Micro-Navigation(also: Micro Navigation)
The process of navigating the immediate environment — detecting and avoiding obstacles, following the edge of a pavement, identifying surface changes, and maintaining a safe path. For blind and visually impaired travellers, micro-navigation is the domain of traditional primary…
Mobility and Orientation Trainer(also: MOT, Orientation and Mobility Specialist, O&M Specialist)
A qualified professional who teaches orientation and mobility (O&M) skills to blind and partially sighted people, enabling safe and independent travel. MOTs assess individual needs and deliver personalized training that progresses from indoor navigation to outdoor route…

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