Glossary

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Facial Action Coding System(also: FACS)

A comprehensive, anatomically based system for describing all visually discernible facial movements, originally developed by Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen in 1977. FACS decomposes facial expressions into individual components called Action Units (AUs), each corresponding to the…

Facial Affect(also: Facial Expression of Emotion, Emotional Facial Expression)

The display of emotion through facial movements, including changes in the position of the eyebrows, eyes, mouth, and other facial features that communicate a person's emotional or mental state. Facial affect is a primary channel of nonverbal social communication and can convey…

Flow(also: Flow state, Optimal experience, Being in the zone)

A psychological state of complete absorption in an activity, characterized by focused concentration, loss of self-consciousness, altered sense of time, and intrinsic enjoyment. Coined by psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, flow occurs when a person's skills are well-matched to…

Flow State(also: Flow, Optimal Experience, Being in the Zone)

A mental state of complete immersion and focused engagement in an activity, characterized by a balance between challenge level and skill level. In accessible design, achieving flow state is important for learning systems and games because it maximizes engagement without causing…

Flow Theory(also: Flow State, Flow)

A psychological theory proposed by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi describing the state of deep immersion and intrinsic enjoyment that occurs when a person is fully engaged in an activity whose challenge level closely matches their skill level. Flow is characterized by clear goals,…

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