Glossary

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Gait Analysis(also: Gait Assessment, Walking Analysis)

The systematic study of human locomotion using observation, measurement, and analysis of body mechanics during walking. Gait analysis measures parameters such as stride length, step duration, joint angles, stance and swing phase timing, and symmetry between left and right legs.…

Galvanic Skin Response(also: GSR, Electrodermal Activity, EDA)

A physiological measurement technique that detects changes in the electrical conductance of the skin caused by sweat gland activity. Because sweat glands are controlled by the sympathetic nervous system, GSR provides an objective indicator of emotional arousal, stress, and…

Gamified evaluation(also: Game-based assessment, Gamified testing)

A research methodology that incorporates game design elements — such as challenges, scoring, progressive difficulty, and rewards — into the evaluation of technology or user performance, to increase participant engagement, motivation, and retention. In accessibility research,…

Gaze Tracking(also: Eye Tracking, Eye Gaze Tracking)

Technology that measures and records eye movements to determine where a person is looking, for how long, and in what pattern. In low-vision research and rehabilitation, gaze tracking can reveal visual strategies such as fixation patterns, saccade paths, and preferred retinal…

Gesture Elicitation(also: User-Defined Gestures)

Gesture elicitation is a participatory design method where end users are asked to invent gestures for a set of device functions, rather than having gestures predetermined by designers or engineers. Participants are shown the effect of an action (such as zooming in) and asked to…

Gesture Elicitation Study(also: Gesture Elicitation, User-Defined Gestures)

A research methodology in which participants are presented with the effects or outcomes of actions (called referents) and asked to propose gestures they would naturally perform to trigger those effects. This approach captures user preferences and expectations rather than…

Global South(also: Developing World, Majority World)

A term referring broadly to countries in Africa, Latin America, Asia, and Oceania that have been historically marginalized in global economic and political systems. In accessibility research, the Global South is significantly underrepresented — most studies recruit participants…

Gold-Standard Evaluation(also: Gold Standard, Reference Standard Evaluation)

An evaluation methodology in natural language processing and generation where system output is compared against a set of pre-established correct or ideal responses. In text-based systems, gold-standard strings are human-produced reference outputs that serve as benchmarks.…

Grasp Aperture(also: Hand Aperture, Finger Aperture)

Grasp aperture is the distance between the thumb and opposing finger(s) as the hand opens to receive an object during a reach. It scales with perceived object size, peaks before contact at a value typically larger than the object itself, and then closes to grip - a well-studied…

Grounded Theory

A qualitative research methodology in which theory is systematically generated from data through iterative coding, categorization, and comparison rather than testing a pre-existing hypothesis. In accessibility and HCI research, grounded theory is commonly used to analyze…

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