Glossary

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Landmark Detection(also: Acoustic Landmark Detection, Stevens Landmark Theory)

Landmark detection is a speech analysis method based on Kenneth Stevens' acoustic model of speech production, which identifies perceptually significant points in the acoustic signal where listeners extract information about underlying distinctive features. Three primary landmark…

Latin Square Design(also: Latin Square Counterbalancing)

A counterbalancing method used in experimental research to control for order and sequence effects when each participant experiences multiple conditions. In a Latin Square arrangement, conditions are ordered so that each condition appears in each position (first, second, third,…

Levenshtein Distance(also: Edit Distance)

A metric that measures the minimum number of single-character edits (insertions, deletions, and substitutions) needed to transform one string into another. In accessibility research, Levenshtein distance is used to quantify how much users modify AI-generated or existing text,…

Librosa

An open-source Python library for audio and music signal analysis, widely used in music-information retrieval and accessibility research to extract low-level acoustic features such as tempo, RMS energy, spectral centroid, zero-crossing rate, chroma, and mel-frequency cepstral…

Likert Scale(also: Likert-Type Scale)

A psychometric rating scale commonly used in surveys and usability studies where respondents indicate their level of agreement or satisfaction on a symmetric scale, typically with 5 or 7 points ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree." Likert scales are standard…

Low-Fidelity Prototype(also: Low-Fi Prototype, Lo-Fi Prototype, Paper Prototype)

A rough, inexpensive representation of a design - typically paper sketches, cardboard models, or wireframes - used early in the design process to explore concepts without investing in polished artefacts. Low-fidelity prototypes lower the barrier to critique and change, which is…

Low-Fidelity Prototyping(also: Lo-Fi Prototyping, Paper Prototyping)

A design method that uses simple, inexpensive materials to create quick, rough representations of a product or interface for early-stage testing and feedback. Traditional lo-fi prototyping relies heavily on visual methods such as sketches, storyboards, and paper mockups, which…

Low-Incidence Disability(also: Low-Prevalence Disability)

A disability that occurs relatively rarely in the general population, such as blindness, deafblindness, or certain developmental conditions. Low-incidence disabilities present unique challenges for research, education, and technology development because affected individuals are…

Lubben Social Network Scale(also: LSNS, LSNS-6)

A validated screening instrument used to assess social isolation risk in older adults by measuring the size and closeness of their social networks. The abbreviated LSNS-6 version contains six items covering family and friend networks, asking about the number of relatives and…

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