Glossary
Terms used in accessibility research and practice. Each entry has a definition, common aliases, and category tags.
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- Landmark Theory(also: Stevens Landmark Theory)
- A theoretical framework in speech science developed by Kenneth N. Stevens proposing that listeners extract phonetic information from acoustically abrupt events called landmarks in the speech signal. Landmarks mark points of rapid spectral change — such as the release of a stop…
- Laryngectomy(also: Total Laryngectomy)
- The surgical removal of the larynx (voice box), typically performed as treatment for advanced laryngeal or throat cancer. A total laryngectomy results in the permanent loss of the natural voice, as the vocal folds that produce speech are removed. The airway is also permanently…
- Lee Silverman Voice Treatment(also: LSVT, LSVT LOUD)
- An evidence-based speech therapy programme originally developed for individuals with Parkinson's disease that focuses on increasing vocal loudness as the primary mechanism for improving overall speech clarity. LSVT trains patients to "think loud" and speak with greater effort,…
- Lexical Access(also: Lexical Retrieval, Word Access)
- The cognitive process of retrieving words from the mental lexicon during language production or comprehension. Lexical access involves activating the phonological, semantic, and syntactic properties of a word stored in memory. Disorders of lexical access, such as those seen in…
- Lombard Effect(also: Lombard Reflex, Lombard Response)
- The involuntary tendency of speakers to increase the intensity, duration, and fundamental frequency of their speech when communicating in noisy environments. Named after French otolaryngologist Étienne Lombard who first described the phenomenon in 1911, the effect involves…
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