Glossary

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E-Commerce Accessibility(also: Accessible E-Commerce, Online Shopping Accessibility)

The degree to which online shopping experiences — product discovery, evaluation, checkout, fulfilment, customer support, and (on peer-to-peer platforms) selling — are usable by people with disabilities, particularly blind and low-vision (BLV) users who depend on screen readers,…

E-Recruiting(also: Electronic Recruiting, Online Recruiting, Digital Recruitment)

The use of web-based tools and platforms for job posting, candidate sourcing, application submission, and hiring management. E-recruiting systems include job search websites, online application portals, applicant tracking systems, and social networking platforms like LinkedIn.…

E-learning accessibility(also: Online learning accessibility, Accessible e-learning)

The design and delivery of online educational content and platforms so that learners with disabilities can participate equally. This includes accessible learning management systems, video lectures with captions and descriptions, navigable course materials, and interactive…

EARL(also: Evaluation and Report Language)

A machine-readable format developed by the W3C for expressing the results of accessibility evaluations in a standardized way. EARL uses RDF (Resource Description Framework) to describe test results including the outcome (pass, fail, cannot tell, inapplicable, untested), the test…

EVITA(also: Enabling Visually Impaired Table Access)

A specialized table browser developed at the University of Manchester designed to enable visually impaired users to navigate, browse, and read HTML data tables non-visually in a manner analogous to how sighted readers interact with tables in print. EVITA provides keyboard-based…

Ecology of Protections(also: Layered Protection Ecosystem)

A multi-layered framework for safeguarding vulnerable users from harmful digital content by implementing protections at multiple levels of the technology stack simultaneously. For photosensitive users, this ecosystem encompasses six layers: policy-level (legislation and…

Experiential Transcoding

An approach to web page transcoding that restructures content based on actual user behaviour rather than relying solely on source code analysis or predefined heuristics. By analysing how sighted users interact with web pages — typically through eye-tracking data — experiential…

External Metadata(also: Accessibility Metadata Overlay, Third-Party Metadata)

External metadata in the context of web accessibility refers to supplementary information stored separately from a web page that can be applied to improve the page's accessibility without modifying the original source code. This approach allows volunteers, developers, or…

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