Glossary

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HSL(also: Hue Saturation Luminosity, HSL Color Model, HSB)

A colour model that represents colours using three components: Hue (the type of colour, such as red, green, or blue, expressed as a degree on a colour wheel from 0 to 360), Saturation (the purity or intensity of the colour, from grey to fully vivid), and Luminosity or Lightness…

HTML(also: HyperText Markup Language)

The standard markup language used to create and structure content on the World Wide Web. HTML uses elements (tags) to define the semantic structure of documents, including headings, paragraphs, links, lists, tables, forms, and images. Proper use of semantic HTML is fundamental…

HTML Remediation(also: Accessibility Remediation, A11y Remediation)

The process of modifying HTML code to fix accessibility violations and bring web content into conformance with accessibility guidelines like WCAG. Remediation can involve adding missing attributes (alt text, form labels, ARIA roles), correcting semantic markup (proper heading…

HTML Table(also: Data Table, Web Table)

An HTML table is a structured element in web markup used to organize data into rows and columns. Tables are created using the table, tr (table row), th (table header), and td (table data) elements. For accessibility, data tables must include proper header markup (th elements…

Heading Navigation(also: Navigate by Headings)

A screen reader navigation strategy that allows users to jump between heading elements (h1-h6) on a webpage, bypassing intermediate content to quickly find sections of interest. Heading navigation is one of the most important strategies for efficient screen reader use, but its…

Heading Structure(also: Header Hierarchy, Heading Levels, Document Outline)

The hierarchical organization of headings (H1 through H6 in HTML) used to define the logical structure and sections of a document or web page. Proper heading structure is one of the most critical accessibility features for screen reader users, who rely on headings to skim…

Heading hierarchy(also: Heading structure, Heading levels, Document outline)

The logical structure created by using HTML heading elements (h1 through h6) in a nested, hierarchical order to convey the organisation of content on a web page. A proper heading hierarchy starts with a single h1 for the page title, with h2 elements for major sections, h3 for…

Heuristic Transcoding(also: Rule-based Transcoding)

Heuristic transcoding is the automated transformation of web content to improve accessibility, device compatibility, or readability using a fixed set of predefined rules that inspect the page structure, media types, or visual characteristics — for example, rules that strip small…

Hijax(also: Progressive enhancement with Ajax)

A web development approach coined by Jeremy Keith that applies progressive enhancement principles to Ajax applications. Hijax starts with a fully functional, accessible HTML page and then layers Ajax functionality on top, so that the site degrades gracefully when JavaScript is…

Holistic Accessibility(also: Holistic Approach to Accessibility)

Holistic accessibility is an approach that considers web accessibility not as an isolated technical concern but as one factor within a broader context including usability, user experience, audience characteristics, usage environment, available technologies, and organizational…

Home Page Reader(also: IBM Home Page Reader, HPR)

A talking web browser developed by IBM Japan in the late 1990s, designed specifically for blind and low-vision users. Home Page Reader combined a web rendering engine with the ProTalker text-to-speech synthesiser and exposed navigation commands through the numeric keypad,…

Human Interaction Proof(also: HIP, Human Interactive Proof)

A challenge-response test designed to distinguish human users from automated software (bots). Human Interaction Proofs are the technical term for CAPTCHAs and similar verification systems. While effective against automated attacks, HIPs present significant accessibility…

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