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• Performance analysis of an integrated eye gaze tracking / electromyogram cursor control system

  Craig A. Chin, Armando Barreto, J. Gualberto Cremades, Malek Adjouadi · 2007 · Proceedings of the 9th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '07)

  Chin, Barreto, Cremades, and Adjouadi's Assets '07 demonstration paper from Florida International University evaluates a hybrid cursor-control system that combines eye-gaze tracking (EGT) with electromyogram (EMG) input from facial muscles, targeted at users with motor…

  eye tracking · electromyogram · cursor control · motor accessibility · multimodal input

• Consolidating computer operation and wheelchair control

  Torsten Felzer, Rainer Nordmann · 2007 · Proceedings of the 9th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '07)

  This short ASSETS 2007 demo proposal from Torsten Felzer and Rainer Nordmann at Darmstadt University of Technology describes the integration of two previously separate assistive systems they had built for people with severe physical disabilities. The first, HaMCoS (HAnds-free…

  hands-free interaction · muscle contraction · electromyography · powered wheelchair · mouse emulation

• Improvements in Vision-based Pointer Control

  Rick Kjeldsen · 2006 · Proceedings of the 8th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '06)

  This paper presents the HeadTracking Pointer (HTP), a vision-based head tracking system developed at IBM's T.J. Watson Research Center that uses a standard webcam to allow people with motor disabilities to control a computer pointer through head movements. The system addresses…

  head tracking · pointer control · computer vision · assistive technology · motor disabilities

• Evaluating a Pen-based Computer Interface for Novice Older Users

  Dante Arias Torres · 2006 · Proceedings of the 8th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '06)

  This short paper from the University of Oaxaca in Mexico proposes and evaluates a simplified pen-based gesture interface designed for novice older computer users who struggle with the traditional WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus, and Pointers) paradigm. The author argues that…

  older adults · pen input · gesture input · alternative input · usability

• From Letters to Words: Efficient Stroke-based Word Completion for Trackball Text Entry

  Jacob O. Wobbrock, Brad A. Myers · 2006 · Proceedings of the 8th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '06)

  This paper presents a significant extension to Trackball EdgeWrite, a unistroke text entry method designed for people who use trackballs as their primary pointing device. The original Trackball EdgeWrite allowed users to enter text one character at a time by rolling a trackball…

  text entry · trackball · motor impairment · word prediction · word completion

• Alternative Text Entry Using Different Input Methods

  Torsten Felzer, Rainer Nordmann · 2006 · Proceedings of the 8th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '06)

  This paper presents the HaMCoS (Hands-free Mouse Control System) framework and its text entry applications, designed for people who cannot use their hands to operate a keyboard. HaMCoS works by detecting intentional muscle contractions — specifically single (CE1) and double…

  text entry · motor impairment · alternative input · single switch · bio-signals

• Non-speech Input and Speech Recognition for Real-time Control of Computer Games

  Adam J. Sporka, Sri H. Kurniawan, Murni Mahmud, Pavel Slavik · 2006 · Proceedings of the 8th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '06)

  This paper compares two acoustic input methods — speech recognition and non-speech humming — for controlling the arcade game Tetris in real time. The motivation is that while turn-based and strategic games are not greatly affected by motor impairments (they allow time for…

  game accessibility · speech recognition · non-speech input · motor impairment · voice control

• The Vocal Joystick: Evaluation of Voice-based Cursor Control Techniques

  Susumu Harada, James A. Landay, Jonathan Malkin, Xiao Li, Jeff A. Bilmes · 2006 · Proceedings of the 8th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '06)

  This paper presents the Vocal Joystick, a system that enables continuous mouse cursor control through vocal parameters — specifically vowel quality, loudness, and pitch. Unlike traditional speech recognition systems that process discrete commands ("move left," "click"), the…

  voice control · cursor control · motor impairment · Fitts law · non-speech input

• Dynamically Adapting GUIs to Diverse Input Devices

  Scott Carter, Amy Hurst, Jennifer Mankoff, Jack Li · 2006 · Proceedings of the 8th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '06)

  This paper presents an analysis framework and demonstration tool (Input Adapter Tool, IAT) for automatically modifying desktop application interfaces to accommodate alternative input devices. Most GUI applications assume keyboard and mouse input, creating barriers for people…

  adaptive interface · alternative input · switch access · input adaptation · GUI adaptation

• The Migratory Cursor: Accurate Speech-Based Cursor Movement by Moving Multiple Ghost Cursors Using Non-Verbal Vocalizations

  Yoshiyuki Mihara, Etsuya Shibayama, Shin Takahashi · 2005 · Proceedings of the 7th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '05)

  This paper presents the migratory cursor, a novel voice-controlled cursor movement interface that combines two complementary techniques to achieve both speed and accuracy. The fundamental challenge with speech-based cursor control is that existing approaches are either fast but…

  cursor control · voice interface · speech technology · motor accessibility · alternative input

• Gestural Text Entry on Multiple Devices

  Jacob O. Wobbrock, Brad A. Myers · 2005 · Proceedings of the 7th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '05)

  This paper from Carnegie Mellon University presents adaptations of the EdgeWrite unistroke text entry method across multiple computer input devices: styluses, touchpads, displacement and isometric joysticks, four keys or buttons, and trackballs. EdgeWrite was originally designed…

  text entry · input methods · motor accessibility · gestural input · EdgeWrite

• How to Operate a PC Without Using the Hands

  Torsten Felzer, Rainer Nordmann · 2005 · Proceedings of the 7th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '05)

  This demo paper presents HaMCoS (Hands-free Mouse Control System), a biosignal interface developed at Darmstadt University of Technology that enables people with severe physical disabilities to operate a Windows PC using intentional contractions of a single muscle of choice —…

  biosignal interface · EMG · hands-free operation · mouse emulation · motor disability

• An Invisible Keyguard

  Shari Trewin · 2002 · Proceedings of the Fifth International ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets '02)

  This paper from IBM T.J. Watson Research Center presents OverlapKeys, a software-based alternative to physical keyguards that filters overlap typing errors — instances where two keys are pressed simultaneously when only one was intended. Overlap errors are common among keyboard…

  keyboard accessibility · motor disability · typing errors · input filtering · assistive technology

• HaWCoS: The "Hands-free" Wheelchair Control System

  Torsten Felzer, Bernd Freisleben · 2002 · Proceedings of the Fifth International ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets 02)

  This paper introduces HaWCoS (Hands-free Wheelchair Control System), a system that enables people with severe physical disabilities to control an electrically powered wheelchair using muscle contractions from any single muscle group in their body, without requiring the use of…

  electromyography · wheelchair control · physical disability · alternative input · assistive technology

• Using Handhelds to Help People with Motor Impairments

  Brad A. Myers, Jacob O. Wobbrock, Sunny Yang, Brian Yeung, Jeffrey Nichols, Robert Miller · 2002 · Proceedings of the Fifth International ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets '02)

  This paper presents the Pebbles project from Carnegie Mellon University, which developed software allowing handheld computers (Palm PDAs) to substitute for a PC's mouse and keyboard for people with muscular dystrophy and similar neuromuscular disorders. The key insight is that…

  motor disability · muscular dystrophy · alternative input · assistive technology · handheld devices

• Neck Range of Motion and Use of Computer Head Controls

  Edmund LoPresti, David M. Brienza, Jennifer Angelo, Lars Gilbertson, Jonathan Sakai · 2000 · Proceedings of the Fourth International ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets '00)

  This study from the University of Pittsburgh investigates the relationship between neck range of motion and performance when using computer head controls — devices that translate head movements into cursor movements on screen. The research involved 15 subjects without…

  alternative input · head tracking · motor disability · multiple sclerosis · spinal cord injury

• Programming by Voice, VocalProgramming

  Stephen C. Arnold, Leo Mark, John Goldthwaite · 2000 · Proceedings of the Fourth International ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets '00)

  This paper presents VocalProgrammer, a system designed to enable programming entirely by voice, motivated primarily by the high incidence of repetitive stress injuries (RSI) among programmers. The authors note that the total cost of RSI of all types was estimated at nearly $6…

  voice programming · speech recognition · repetitive stress injury · code accessibility · assistive technology

• Human Factors Issues in the Neural Signals Direct Brain-Computer Interface

  Melody M. Moore, Philip R. Kennedy · 2000 · Proceedings of the Fourth International ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets '00)

  This paper presents the software and human factors aspects of the Neural Signals direct brain-computer interface project — one of the first implanted BCI systems tested in humans. Unlike non-invasive BCIs that read EEG signals through the scalp, this system uses a neurotrophic…

  brain-computer interface · locked-in syndrome · neural prosthetics · assistive technology · human-computer interaction

• Head Pointing and Speech Control as a Hands-Free Interface to Desktop Computing

  Rainer Malkewitz · 1998 · Proceedings of the Third International ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets '98)

  This paper presents a hands-free computer interface that combines head pointing with speech control to enable users who cannot use a mouse and keyboard to operate standard WIMP-style graphical user interfaces. Developed at the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany, the system uses a…

  head tracking · speech recognition · hands-free interface · alternative input · motor disability

• Towards an EOG-Based Eye Tracker for Computer Control

  David W. Patmore, R. Benjamin Knapp · 1998 · Proceedings of the Third International ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets '98)

  This paper describes the development of an eye tracking system for computer control based on bio-electrical signals, intended as a pointing device for people with physical disabilities. The system combines two complementary biosignal approaches: the Electrooculogram (EOG), which…

  eye tracking · electrooculogram · alternative input · motor disability · bio-electrical signal

• SUITEKeys: A Speech Understanding Interface for the Motor-Control Challenged

  Bill Manaris, Alan Harkreader · 1998 · Proceedings of the Third International ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets '98)

  This paper from the University of Southwestern Louisiana presents SUITEKeys, a continuous speech understanding interface that provides complete computer access to users with motor-control impairments by modelling all interaction at the physical keyboard and mouse level. Unlike…

  speech recognition · motor disabilities · voice input · alternative input · natural language interface

• Multimodal Input for Computer Access and Augmentative Communication

  Alice Smith, John Dunaway, Patrick Demasco, Denise Peischl · 1996 · Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets '96)

  This paper from the University of Delaware describes a research project exploring the integration of speech recognition with head-pointing as a multimodal input method for people with physical disabilities who cannot use standard keyboards and mice. The authors frame the problem…

  multimodal interaction · speech recognition · head pointing · augmentative and alternative communication · assistive technology

• The Keybowl: An Ergonomically Designed Document Processing Device

  Peter J. McAlindon, Kay M. Stanney · 1996 · Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets '96)

  This paper from the University of Central Florida presents the Keybowl, a novel alphanumeric input device designed as an ergonomic alternative to the standard QWERTY keyboard for users with upper extremity disabilities and for preventing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The Keybowl…

  ergonomics · alternative input · keyboard design · carpal tunnel syndrome · repetitive strain injury

• EEG as a means of communication: preliminary experiments in EEG analysis using neural networks

  Charles W. Anderson, Saikumar V. Devulapalli, Erik A. Stolz · 1994 · Proceedings of the First Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets '94)

  This paper explores the use of electroencephalography (EEG) as a communication channel for paralyzed individuals, representing early brain-computer interface (BCI) research. The core premise is that if distinct mental states can be reliably identified through EEG pattern…

  brain-computer interface · electroencephalography · neural network · machine learning · paralysis