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• Eye-Tracking-Driven Shared Control for Robotic Arms: Wizard of Oz Studies to Assess Design Choices

  Anke Fischer-Janzen, Thomas M. Wendt, Daniel Görlich, Kristof Van Laerhoven · 2026 · ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction

  The paper presents two Wizard of Oz studies evaluating an eye-tracking-driven shared-control system for an assistive robotic arm — the 7-DoF Kinova Gen3 — designed for People with Severe Motor Disabilities (PSMD). PSMD here includes people with locked-in syndrome, cerebral…

  assistive robotics · eye tracking · gaze input · shared control · motor disability

• Eye Gaze Behaviour and Comprehension of Colour Commentary and Gameplay Captions of Live Fast-Paced Sports for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Television Viewers

  Somang Nam, Tatyana Kumarasamy, Maria Karam, Margot Whitfield, Evan Hibbard, Jenny Leung, Deborah Fels · 2026 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This ACM TACCESS study evaluates a novel captioning approach for live fast-paced sports broadcasting: 'Reduced Captioning' that displays only the colour commentary (opinions, context, analysis) and omits the verbatim play-by-play narration. The authors motivate this design…

  closed captioning · live captioning · broadcasting · sports · eye tracking

• The EasyCog Dataset: Towards Easier Cognitive Assessment with Passive Video Watching

  Qingyong Hu, Yuxuan Zhou, Jinjian Wang, Yanbin Gong, Yizhen Zhang, Jingnan Sun, Jian Yao, Qijia Shao, Lili Qiu, Qian Zhang, Guihua Li · 2026 · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies

  This paper introduces EasyCog, the first large-scale multimodal dataset designed for low-burden, low-cost cognitive assessment using passive visual engagement. The core motivation is to address well-documented limitations of standard clinical cognitive tests such as the Montreal…

  cognitive accessibility · cognitive assessment · EEG · eye tracking · dementia

• Reading with Diversity in Mind: Pupillometry and Typography Towards Inclusive Design for ADHD Readers

  Borano Llana, Alisa Baron, Haihan Yu, Maedeh Hosseinpour, Yusra Suhail, Sean Chin, Kushas Khadka, Shaun Wallace · 2026 · Extended Abstracts of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '26)

  Llana and colleagues at the University of Rhode Island examine how typographic choices interact with ADHD when reading digital text. The motivation is practical: digital reading is now the default for most education and work, and small typographic decisions (font family, size,…

  readability · typography · ADHD · eye tracking · pupillometry

• Mnemonic Tracing: Using Eye Gaze to Search for Visual Memories

  Wazeer Zulfikar, Yasith Samaradivakara, Paul Pu Liang, Pattie Maes · 2026 · Extended Abstracts of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA ’26)

  Mnemonic Tracing is a non-verbal image-retrieval interaction in which a user, wearing eye-tracking glasses, deliberately retraces the contents of a remembered image with their gaze on a blank surface. The paper builds on gaze-reinstatement research, which shows that when people…

  eye tracking · gaze interaction · gaze reinstatement · episodic memory · image retrieval

• Characterizing Visual Intents for People with Low Vision through Eye Tracking

  Ru Wang, Ruijia Chen, Anqiao Erica Cai, Zhiyuan Li, Sanbrita Mondal, Yuhang Zhao · 2025 · Proceedings of the 27th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2025)

  This study investigates how people with low vision use their gaze when viewing images, with the goal of understanding their visual intents — the immediate, in-the-moment goals behind their eye movements. While assistive technologies like magnifiers and contrast enhancement exist…

  low vision · eye tracking · visual intent · gaze behavior · assistive technology

• The Treatment of Amblyopia and Astigmatism through Eye Tracking and Serious Games

  Tahani Jaser Alahmadi, Rania AlAblani, Najla Bin Eid, Reyoof AlHumaidi, Amal AlMeiman, Farah AlNujaidi · 2024 · Proceedings of the 21st International Web for All Conference (W4A '24)

  This paper presents Abs'arnna, a mobile application that combines serious games with eye-tracking technology to treat amblyopia (lazy eye) and astigmatism in children. The authors from Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University in Saudi Arabia address a significant gap in…

  serious games · eye tracking · vision therapy · assistive technology · pediatric accessibility

• Understanding How Deaf and Hard of Hearing Viewers Visually Explore Captioned Live TV News

  Akhter Al Amin, Saad Hassan, Sooyeon Lee, Matt Huenerfauth · 2023 · Proceedings of the 20th International Web for All Conference (W4A '23)

  This study investigates how Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) viewers distribute their visual attention across different information regions on screen while watching captioned live television news. More than 360 million people worldwide are DHH, and many rely on captions to access…

  deaf and hard of hearing · captioning · eye tracking · television accessibility · caption placement

• Framework for Experiential Transcoding of Web Pages with Scanpath Trend Analysis

  Idil Ece Trabzon, Furkan Yagiz, Elmas Eda Karadavut, Mahmoud Elhewahey, Sukru Eraslan, Yeliz Yesilada, Simon Harper · 2022 · Proceedings of the 19th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper presents EXTRA, an automated framework for experiential transcoding of web pages — a technique that restructures web content based on how sighted users actually interact with pages, rather than relying solely on source code analysis. The core problem the authors…

  screen readers · web transcoding · eye tracking · web page segmentation · content reordering

• Career Interview Readiness in Virtual Reality (CIRVR): A Platform for Simulated Interview Training for Autistic Individuals and Their Employers

  Deeksha Adiani, Aaron Itzkovitz, Dayi Bian, Harrison Katz, Michael Breen, Spencer Hunt, Amy Swanson, Timothy J. Vogus, Joshua Wade, Nilanjan Sarkar · 2022 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This paper presents CIRVR (Career Interview Readiness in Virtual Reality), a closed-loop adaptive VR platform designed to help autistic individuals practice job interview skills. The system addresses a critical employment barrier: only 10-50% of autistic adults are employed,…

  autism spectrum disorder · virtual reality · employment · job interviews · stress detection

• I See What You're Saying: A Literature Review of Eye Tracking Research in Communication of Deaf or Hard of Hearing Users

  Chanchal Agrawal, Roshan L Peiris · 2021 · Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '21)

  This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of 55 eye-tracking studies examining the gaze patterns and communication behaviours of deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) individuals. The authors systematically searched ACM, IEEE, Google Scholar, and linguistics and psychology…

  deaf and hard of hearing · eye tracking · eye gaze · sign language · lip-reading

• Autism Detection Based on Eye Movement Sequences on the Web: A Scanpath Trend Analysis Approach

  Sukru Eraslan, Yeliz Yesilada, Victoria Yaneva, Simon Harper · 2020 · Proceedings of the 17th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper investigates whether sequential eye-movement data — the order in which people look at elements on web pages — can be used to detect autism, improving upon the authors' previous non-sequential approach that achieved 75% accuracy but was unstable across different web…

  autism · eye tracking · machine learning · web accessibility · scanpath analysis

• Supporting the Design of Data Visualisation for the Visually Impaired through Reinforcement Learning

  Dalal Aljasem · 2020 · Proceedings of the 17th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This doctoral consortium paper presents a research programme aimed at making data visualizations more accessible to people with partial vision loss, specifically those with peripheral vision damage (tunnel vision from conditions like glaucoma) or central vision loss (from…

  data visualization · visual impairment · reinforcement learning · visual search · machine learning

• Eyelid Gestures on Mobile Devices for People with Motor Impairments

  Mingming Fan, Zhen Li, Franklin Mingzhe Li · 2020 · Proceedings of the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2020)

  This paper presents a novel approach to mobile device interaction for people with severe motor impairments: using eyelid gestures detected by the smartphone's front-facing camera. While existing eye-based interaction research has primarily focused on gaze direction and simple…

  motor accessibility · mobile accessibility · input methods · gesture interaction · eye tracking

• Adults with High-functioning Autism Process Web Pages With Similar Accuracy but Higher Cognitive Effort Compared to Controls

  Victoria Yaneva, Le An Ha, Sukru Eraslan, Yeliz Yesilada · 2019 · Proceedings of the 16th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper investigates the accuracy and efficiency with which adults with high-functioning autism process web pages compared to neurotypical controls, using eye-tracking to reveal hidden cognitive effort differences. The study addresses a critical gap: existing web…

  autism spectrum disorder · eye tracking · cognitive accessibility · web accessibility · neurodivergence

• It's All About the Message: Visual Experience is a Precursor to Accurate Auditory Interaction

  Simon Harper, Sukru Eraslan, Yeliz Yesilada · 2019 · Proceedings of the 16th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper argues that understanding how sighted users visually experience web pages is a necessary precursor to designing effective auditory (screen reader) experiences for visually disabled users. The authors challenge the assumption that the experiences of sighted and blind…

  eye tracking · screen reader · page linearization · experiential transcoding · visual impairment

• See-Thru: Towards Minimally Obstructive Eye-Controlled Wheelchair Interfaces

  Corten Clemente Singer, Björn Hartmann · 2019 · Proceedings of the 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS)

  This paper presents See-Thru, an eye-tracking interface for controlling power wheelchairs that replaces the conventional obstructive computer screen with a transparent wire-frame device containing spatially arranged LEDs. The fundamental problem with existing eye-controlled…

  eye tracking · eye-gaze control · power wheelchair · motor disability · assistive technology

• Exploring the Role of Tunnel Vision Simulation in the Design Cycle of Accessible Interfaces

  Rie Kamikubo, Keita Higuchi, Ryo Yonetani, Hideki Koike, Yoichi Sato · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A 2018)

  This paper investigates whether gaze-contingent tunnel vision simulation can serve as a reliable tool within the design cycle for accessible web interfaces, enabling sighted developers to experience and evaluate prototypes under simulated visual field loss. The challenge…

  low vision · tunnel vision · retinitis pigmentosa · simulation · eye tracking

• Adaptable User Interfaces for People with Autism: A Transportation Example

  Claudia De Los Rios Perez · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This demonstration paper presents early-stage research into developing an accessibility framework for adaptable user interfaces tailored to people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), using public transportation as the application domain. The author argues that while computer…

  autism · adaptive user interface · transportation accessibility · ontology · semantic web

• Detecting Autism Based on Eye-Tracking Data from Web Searching Tasks

  Victoria Yaneva, Le An Ha, Sukru Eraslan, Yeliz Yesilada, Ruslan Mitkov · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper investigates whether eye-tracking data collected during everyday web tasks can be used to distinguish between people with and without autism, potentially enabling a low-cost, accessible screening approach. The study collected gaze data from 15 adults with clinically…

  autism · eye tracking · machine learning · web accessibility · cognitive accessibility

• Gaze Typing using Multi-key Selection Technique

  Tanya Bafna · 2018 · Proceedings of the 20th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '18)

  This student research competition paper presents a multi-key selection technique for gaze typing that significantly speeds up text input for people with extreme motor disabilities such as full body paralysis. Traditional gaze typing uses dwell time — the user must fixate on each…

  eye tracking · gaze interaction · text entry · motor disability · paralysis

• Extraction of Emotional Information via Visual Scanning Patterns: A Feasibility Study of Participants with Schizophrenia and Neurotypical Individuals

  Joshua Wade, Heathman S. Nichols, Megan Ichinose, Dayi Bian, Esube Bekele, Matthew Snodgress, Ashwaq Zaini Amat, Eric Granholm, Sohee Park, Nilanjan Sarkar · 2018 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This paper presents MASI-VR (Multimodal Adaptive Social Intervention in Virtual Reality), a gaze-sensitive social skills training system designed to improve emotion recognition in adults with schizophrenia (SZ). Emotion recognition impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia…

  schizophrenia · emotion recognition · eye tracking · virtual reality · social cognition

• Closed ASL Interpreting for Online Videos

  Raja Kushalnagar, Matthew Seita, Abraham Glasser · 2017 · Proceedings of the 14th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper introduces "closed interpreting," a concept analogous to closed captioning but for sign language interpretation of online videos. While many deaf viewers prefer ASL interpreters over captions (as verbatim captioning speed often exceeds reading abilities, and deaf…

  American Sign Language · ASL · Deaf and hard of hearing · sign language interpreting · video accessibility

• Do Web Users with Autism Experience Barriers When Searching for Information Within Web Pages?

  Sukru Eraslan, Victoria Yaneva, Yeliz Yesilada, Simon Harper · 2017 · Proceedings of the 14th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper provides empirical evidence that adults with high-functioning autism experience real barriers when searching for information on web pages, using eye tracking to reveal the underlying differences in visual attention patterns. The study employed a between-group…

  autism · eye tracking · web accessibility · cognitive accessibility · scanpath analysis

• GazeTheWeb: A Gaze-Controlled Web Browser

  Raphael Menges, Chandan Kumar, Daniel Müller, Korok Sengupta · 2017 · Proceedings of the 14th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This demonstration paper presents GazeTheWeb, an open-source web browser designed to be operated entirely through eye gaze input, targeting people with severe motor impairments who cannot use conventional mouse and keyboard input. Built on the Chromium Embedded Framework (CEF),…

  eye tracking · gaze interaction · web browser · motor impairment · assistive technology