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• Supporting the Design of Data Visualisation for the Visually Impaired through Reinforcement Learning

  Dalal Aljasem · 2020 · Proceedings of the 17th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This doctoral consortium paper presents a research programme aimed at making data visualizations more accessible to people with partial vision loss, specifically those with peripheral vision damage (tunnel vision from conditions like glaucoma) or central vision loss (from…

  data visualization · visual impairment · reinforcement learning · visual search · machine learning

• Web Accessibility Testing for Singapore Government e-Services

  Zui Young Lim, Jia Min Chua, Kaiting Yang, Wei Shin Tan, Yinn Chai · 2020 · Proceedings of the 17th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper from Singapore's Government Technology Agency presents a customized automated accessibility testing tool designed specifically for government e-service developers. The authors identified two core problems: Singapore's low accessibility maturity despite being a…

  automated testing · web accessibility · government services · accessibility evaluation · CI/CD

• Measuring complexity of e-government services for people with low vision

  Aritz Sala, Myriam Arrue, J. Eduardo Pérez, Sandra M. Espín-Tello · 2020 · Proceedings of the 17th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper investigates how to measure the complexity of online government forms for people with low vision. The authors recognize that e-government services — accessed primarily through web-based forms — have the potential to greatly benefit people with low vision by allowing…

  low vision · e-government · form accessibility · complexity metrics · user testing

• PDF Readability Enhancement on Mobile Devices

  Zachary Shelton, Chen-Hsiang Yu · 2020 · Proceedings of the 17th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper presents PDFroggy, an Android application that applies content transformation techniques to PDF documents on mobile devices to enhance readability. The research addresses a specific gap: while previous work has demonstrated that content transformation methods like…

  PDF accessibility · readability · mobile accessibility · content transformation · document accessibility

• Evaluation of user experience and cognitive load of a gamified cognitive training application for children with learning disabilities

  Adel Shaban, Elaine Pearson · 2020 · Proceedings of the 17th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This study presents the design and evaluation of "The Treasure," a gamified web-based application created to train and improve working memory in children with learning disabilities. The application was built on a design framework integrating guidelines from HCI, accessibility,…

  learning disabilities · gamification · cognitive load · working memory · user experience

• Using a participatory activities toolkit to elicit privacy expectations of adaptive assistive technologies

  Foad Hamidi, Kellie Poneres, Aaron Massey, Amy Hurst · 2020 · Proceedings of the 17th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper addresses a critical but often overlooked tension in assistive technology design: the privacy tradeoff inherent in adaptive assistive technologies (AATs) that must collect and analyze user performance data to function effectively. The authors developed a participatory…

  privacy · assistive technology · adaptive systems · participatory design · essential tremor

• Analysis of automated contrast checking tools

  Rafael Almeida, Carlos Duarte · 2020 · Proceedings of the 17th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper evaluates the reliability and limitations of three free automated color contrast checking tools: the Color Contrast Accessibility Validator (from the Bureau of Internet Accessibility), WAVE (from WebAIM), and the WCAG Color Contrast Checker (a browser extension for…

  color contrast · automated testing · accessibility tools · WCAG compliance · visual accessibility

• Tables on the web accessible? unfortunately not!

  Waqar Haider, Yeliz Yesilada · 2020 · Proceedings of the 17th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper presents the first large-scale systematic study specifically focused on the accessibility of HTML tables on the web. The authors crawled approximately 30,000 web pages sourced from Google, Google Tables, and the Alexa top 10,000 sites, ultimately analyzing over 16,000…

  web accessibility · HTML tables · automated testing · WCAG compliance · screen readers

• A declarative model for accessibility requirements

  Jens Pelzetter · 2020 · Proceedings of the 17th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper addresses a fundamental problem in automated accessibility testing: different tools produce inconsistent results because they each implement their own interpretation of WCAG guidelines in code, and the guidelines themselves contain ambiguity. The author proposes a…

  automated testing · WCAG compliance · ACT Rules · ontology · accessibility evaluation

• Deaf and hard-of-hearing users’ prioritization of genres of online video content requiring accurate captions

  Larwan Berke, Matthew Seita, Matt Huenerfauth · 2020 · Proceedings of the 17th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper investigates which genres of online video content Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) users consider most important to have accurately captioned. With over 400 hours of video uploaded to YouTube every minute and no U.S. legal mandate to caption all online video (especially…

  deaf and hard of hearing · captioning · video accessibility · automatic speech recognition · user research

• Accessible conversational user interfaces: considerations for design

  Kate Lister, Tim Coughlan, Francisco Iniesto, Nick Freear, Peter Devine · 2020 · Proceedings of the 17th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper presents the first comprehensive review of accessibility considerations for conversational user interfaces (CUIs) — a category that includes chatbots, voice-activated personal assistants (like Amazon Alexa and Apple Siri), interactive voice response (IVR) systems, and…

  conversational user interfaces · chatbots · voice assistants · cognitive accessibility · mental health

• Teaching Digital Fabrication to Early Intervention Specialists for Designing Their Own Tools

  Florian Güldenpfennig, Peter Fikar, Roman Ganhör · 2020 · Proceedings of the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '20)

  This demonstration paper describes a co-design project in which researchers from New Design University and TU Wien taught basic digital fabrication skills to four experienced early intervention therapists who work with children with cerebral visual impairment (CVI). CVI is an…

  digital fabrication · DIY assistive technology · co-design · early intervention · cerebral visual impairment

• TableView: Enabling Efficient Access to Web Data Records for Screen-Magnifier Users

  Hae-Na Lee, Sami Uddin, Vikas Ashok · 2020 · Proceedings of the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2020)

  This paper addresses a significant usability challenge faced by people with low vision who use screen magnifiers to browse the web: the difficulty of comparing data records on websites such as job listings, flight search results, shopping products, and restaurant listings.…

  low vision · screen magnifier · web accessibility · usability · browser extension

• Exploring Collection of Sign Language Datasets: Privacy, Participation, and Model Performance

  Danielle Bragg, Oscar Koller, Naomi Caselli, William Thies · 2020 · Proceedings of the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2020)

  This paper tackles a fundamental tension in building machine learning systems for marginalized communities: the need for large training datasets versus the privacy risks of collecting data from small, identifiable populations. The authors focus on sign language video collection,…

  sign language · privacy · machine learning · data collection · Deaf culture

• Bridging the Divide: Exploring the use of digital and physical technology to aid mobility impaired people living in an informal settlement

  Giulia Barbareschi, Ben Oldfrey, Long Xin, Grace Nyachomba Magomere, Wycliffe Ambeyi Wetende, Carol Wanjira, Joyce Olenja, Victoria Austin, Catherine Holloway · 2020 · Proceedings of the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2020)

  This qualitative study examines how people with mobility impairments living in Kibera, one of the largest informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya, use both traditional assistive technology (wheelchairs and tricycles) and digital technology (mobile phones) in their daily lives.…

  mobility impairment · assistive technology · wheelchairs · mobile phones · informal settlements

• Value beyond function: analyzing the perception of wheelchair innovations in Kenya

  Giulia Barbareschi, Sibylle Daymond, Jake Honeywill, Aneesha Singh, Dominic Noble, Nancy N. Mbugua, Ian Harris, Victoria Austin, Catherine Holloway · 2020 · Proceedings of the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2020)

  This study evaluates a novel wheelchair service provision model called InnovATe, developed by Motivation UK, that uses Computer Aided Design (CAD) and 3D printing to manufacture bespoke wheelchairs in Kenya. Over five months at the Bethany Kids rehabilitation centre in Joytown,…

  wheelchairs · assistive technology · 3D printing · emotional design · service delivery

• Teaching ASL Signs using Signing Avatars and Immersive Learning in Virtual Reality

  Lorna C. Quandt, Jason Lamberton, Athena S. Willis, Jianye Wang, Kaitlyn Weeks, Emily Kubicek, Melissa Malzkuhn · 2020 · Proceedings of the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2020)

  This demonstration paper presents SAIL (Signing Avatars & Immersive Learning), the first ASL instructional system built for immersive virtual reality. Developed at Gallaudet University by a majority-Deaf team, SAIL uses a signing avatar — a computer-animated virtual human…

  sign language · American Sign Language · virtual reality · signing avatars · motion capture

• Designing Embodied Musical Interaction for Children with Autism

  Grazia Ragone · 2020 · Proceedings of the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2020)

  This paper presents OSMoSIS (Observation of Social Motor Synchrony with an Interactive System), an interactive musical system designed to support embodied musical interaction for children with Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) during music therapy sessions. Developed by the…

  autism · music therapy · embodied interaction · motion capture · sonification

• The Role of Sensory Changes in Everyday Technology use by People with Mild to Moderate Dementia

  Emma Dixon, Amanda Lazar · 2020 · Proceedings of the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2020)

  This qualitative study investigates how sensory changes associated with dementia interact with everyday technology use — a topic almost entirely overlooked in prior research, which has focused predominantly on cognitive support such as memory aids, task simplification, and…

  dementia · sensory changes · everyday technology · personalization · cognitive accessibility

• CareHub: Smart Screen VUI and Home Appliances Control for Older Adults

  Ningjing Sun · 2020 · Proceedings of the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2020)

  This demonstration paper presents CareHub, a smart screen prototype that augments voice user interfaces (VUIs) with complementary visual output to help older adults control home appliances more effectively. The research was conducted at the Rhode Island School of Design and…

  voice user interface · older adults · smart home · aging in place · multimodal interaction

• SoundLines: Exploration of Line Segments through Sonification and Multi-touch Interaction

  Dragan Ahmetovic, Cristian Bernareggi, Sergio Mascetti · 2020 · Proceedings of the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2020)

  This paper presents SoundLines, a mobile application designed to help children with visual impairments explore and understand line segments on a touchscreen using sonification and multi-touch interaction. The system addresses a fundamental challenge in early education for blind…

  sonification · visual impairments · children · touchscreen accessibility · multi-touch interaction

• Teleconference Accessibility and Guidelines for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Users

  Raja S. Kushalnagar, Christian Vogler · 2020 · Proceedings of the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2020)

  This experience report from two Gallaudet University researchers examines the accessibility challenges that deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) users face in teleconference environments, drawing on nearly a decade of first-hand participation across platforms including Zoom, Microsoft…

  deaf · hard of hearing · teleconferencing · remote participation · sign language

• Disability and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Using Twitter to Understand Accessibility during Rapid Societal Transition

  Cole Gleason, Stephanie Valencia, Lynn Kirabo, Jason Wu, Anhong Guo, Elizabeth Jeanne Carter, Jeffrey P. Bigham, Cynthia Bennett, Amy Pavel · 2020 · Proceedings of the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2020)

  This Carnegie Mellon University study uses Twitter data to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected people with disabilities (PWD) across three critical domains where technology and accessibility intersect: grocery delivery services, remote education, and…

  COVID-19 · disability · social media · Twitter · emergency preparedness

• Assistive Technology Design as a Computer Science Learning Experience

  Thomas B. McHugh, Cooper Barth · 2020 · Proceedings of the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2020)

  This paper from Northwestern University addresses a persistent gap in computer science education: the near-complete absence of accessibility topics from non-HCI computer science courses. The authors first conducted a formative needfinding study with 16 undergraduate CS students…

  computer science education · assistive technology · inclusive design · accessibility pedagogy · allyship

• Input Accessibility: A Large Dataset and Summary Analysis of Age, Motor Ability and Input Performance

  Leah Findlater, Lotus Zhang · 2020 · Proceedings of the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2020)

  This University of Washington study makes two key contributions to understanding how age and motor ability affect computer input performance: a large open dataset of mouse and touchscreen input traces from over 700 participants, and a summary analysis of mouse input data from…

  motor impairment · mouse input · touchscreen · older adults · physical accessibility