Glossary

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Chording Keyboard(also: Chord Keyboard, Chorded Keyboard, Chording Input)

A text input device that generates characters by pressing multiple keys or moving multiple inputs simultaneously rather than pressing individual keys sequentially as on a standard keyboard. Similar to how piano chords combine multiple notes, each character is produced by a…

Ergonomic Keyboard(also: Ergonomic Input Device)

A keyboard designed to reduce physical stress, strain, and injury risk during typing by conforming to the natural posture and biomechanics of the hands, wrists, and arms. Ergonomic keyboard designs include split keyboards (angled halves to reduce ulnar deviation), tented…

Gorilla Arm(also: Gorilla-arm effect, Gorilla arm syndrome)

A well-documented ergonomic phenomenon in which sustained unsupported arm elevation — typical of mid-air touchscreen, vertical display, or extended reality (XR) gesture interaction — produces rapid shoulder fatigue, pain, and performance decline. The term captures the ache and…

Muscle Fatigue(also: Motor fatigue)

A decline in the capacity of a muscle or muscle group to generate force or sustain activity after prolonged or repeated exertion. In human-computer interaction, muscle fatigue is a central concern for input modalities requiring sustained or repetitive motion — notably mid-air…

Repetitive Stress Injury(also: RSI, Repetitive Strain Injury, Repetitive Motion Injury)

A group of conditions caused by repetitive movements, forceful exertions, or sustained awkward postures over extended periods, resulting in damage to muscles, tendons, nerves, or other soft tissues. In computing contexts, RSI commonly affects the hands, wrists, arms, shoulders,…

Scoliosis

A structural condition in which the spine develops a sideways curvature, often in an 'S' or 'C' shape. Scoliosis ranges from mild curves requiring only monitoring to severe cases that can affect posture, breathing, mobility, and chronic pain, and it is sometimes associated with…

Visual Fatigue(also: Eye Strain, Asthenopia, Visual Strain)

Discomfort, tiredness, or reduced visual performance resulting from prolonged or intensive visual tasks. For people with low vision, visual fatigue can occur more quickly because they must exert greater effort to see, often using non-optimal parts of their retina (eccentric…

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