Glossary

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Expressive Writing(also: Pennebaker Paradigm)

A therapeutic writing practice, formalised by James Pennebaker in the 1980s, in which individuals write about emotionally significant or traumatic experiences for short, repeated sessions. Decades of empirical evidence link expressive writing to measurable benefits in physical…

Journaling(also: Diary Writing, Reflective Writing)

The regular practice of recording personal thoughts, feelings, and experiences in written, spoken, visual, or musical form. Journaling has documented benefits for mental health, emotion regulation, self-insight, and identity construction, and is widely used in therapy,…

Real Word Error(also: Real-Word Spelling Error)

A spelling error that results in a correctly spelled but unintended word, such as typing "hear" instead of "here" or "their" instead of "there." Real word errors are particularly common among people with dyslexia and pose a significant challenge because standard spellcheckers…

Spell Checker(also: Spellchecker, Spelling Checker)

Software that identifies and suggests corrections for misspelled words in text. Standard spell checkers often fail to catch errors made by people with dyslexia because dyslexic spelling errors differ from typical misspellings — they may include real-word substitutions (e.g.,…

Word Retrieval(also: Word Finding, Lexical Retrieval)

The cognitive process of accessing and selecting the correct word from memory to express an intended meaning during writing or speech. People with dyslexia frequently experience word retrieval difficulties, where they know the concept they want to express but cannot access the…

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