Glossary

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ABC Model(also: Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence, ABC Analysis, ABC Framework)

A behavioural-science framework, rooted in B. F. Skinner's operant conditioning, that analyses any observed behaviour as a three-part sequence: Antecedent (the situation, trigger, or context immediately before the behaviour), Behaviour (what the person actually did), and…

ADHD Rating Scale(also: ADHD-RS, ADHD-RS-IV)

A standardised assessment tool based on DSM diagnostic criteria for evaluating the frequency and severity of ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents. Completed by parents or teachers, it measures inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptom clusters. In digital health and…

AT Impact Framework(also: ATIF, Assistive Technology Impact Framework)

A multi-level conceptual framework for evaluating the impact of assistive technology interventions on quality of life, developed from longitudinal research with smartphone users with sensory disabilities in Kenya. ATIF is structured across three ecological levels: Self…

Accessibility Maturity Model(also: Accessibility Maturity, Digital Accessibility Maturity)

A framework for assessing how well an organization has integrated accessibility into its culture, processes, and outputs. Maturity models typically progress through stages from ad hoc or reactive approaches (where accessibility depends on individual champions) to embedded and…

Adaptive Behavior(also: Adaptive Skills, Adaptive Functioning)

The collection of conceptual, social, and practical skills that people learn and perform in everyday life. Conceptual skills include language, literacy, and self-direction; social skills encompass interpersonal abilities and social responsibility; practical skills involve…

Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale(also: ASRS, ASRS-v1.1, Adult ADHD Self-Rating Scale)

A short self-report screening instrument for adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder developed by the World Health Organization in collaboration with researchers from Harvard Medical School. The most widely used version, ASRS-v1.1, is an 18-item questionnaire whose first…

Aphasia Severity Rating(also: ASR Score, Aphasia Severity Rating Scale)

A clinician-administered ordinal scale, part of the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination, indicating the severity of a person's aphasia on a 0-5 range where 0 indicates no usable speech or comprehension and 5 indicates minimal residual difficulties barely apparent to a…

Assistive Technology Assessment(also: AT Assessment, Assistive Technology Evaluation, AT Evaluation)

An assistive technology assessment is a systematic evaluation process to identify the most appropriate assistive technology solutions for an individual with a disability. The assessment typically considers the person's abilities, goals, environments, and tasks to recommend…

Attention Network Test(also: ANT, ANT-I, ANT-Child)

A computer-administered cognitive task developed by Fan, Posner, and colleagues that measures three functionally distinct attention networks — alerting (sustained readiness), orienting (shifting attentional focus in space), and executive control (resolving conflict between…

Audiogram(also: Hearing Test Chart, Pure-tone Audiogram)

An audiogram is a graph of a person's hearing thresholds measured across a range of frequencies — typically 250 Hz to 8 kHz — plotted separately for each ear. Thresholds are expressed in decibels hearing level (dB HL) relative to the expected threshold of a young, healthy ear,…

Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule(also: ADOS, ADOS-2)

A standardized diagnostic protocol for autism that uses structured and semi-structured social interaction tasks between an examiner and the person being assessed. First published in 1989 and designed based on a sample of children aged 6-18, it was followed by a second edition…

Automated Readability Scoring(also: ARSS, Automated Readability Scoring System, Readability Assessment)

The use of computational methods to automatically evaluate the reading difficulty level of a text. Traditional readability formulas like Flesch-Kincaid and Dale-Chall use surface features such as average sentence length, word length, and vocabulary frequency to assign…

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