Glossary

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Language Acquisition(also: Language Development, Language Learning)

The process by which humans develop the ability to perceive, produce, and use language to communicate. In deaf children, language acquisition presents unique challenges: 90% of deaf children are born to hearing parents, and without early exposure to an accessible language (such…

Language Immersion

An approach to language learning in which the learner is surrounded by and continuously exposed to the target language in natural, meaningful contexts rather than through isolated instruction. In the context of deaf education and accessibility, language immersion is critical…

Learned Helplessness

A psychological condition in which a person comes to believe they are unable to perform tasks or control outcomes, often resulting from prolonged over-assistance or lack of opportunity to attempt tasks independently. In disability contexts, learned helplessness can develop when…

Lecture Captioning(also: Classroom Captioning, Lecture Transcription)

The real-time or post-production conversion of spoken lecture content into text, displayed to students during or after a class session. Lecture captioning can be performed by human captioners (such as CART providers), by automatic speech recognition software, or by a combination…

Lecture Capture(also: Lecture Recording, Classroom Recording)

The process of recording classroom lectures, presentations, or educational sessions using video, audio, and screen capture technology for later review by students. Lecture capture systems range from simple single-camera recordings to multi-camera setups that capture the…

Lexile Framework(also: Lexile, Lexile Measure)

A commercial readability framework developed by MetaMetrics that places both texts and readers on a common scale — the Lexile measure — to support matching readers with materials at an appropriate level of challenge. A text's Lexile measure is computed from sentence length and…

Literacy Development(also: Literacy Learning, Reading Development)

The process of acquiring reading and writing skills, from early phonological awareness through fluent reading comprehension. Literacy development is a key focus of reading support technology research, particularly for children with disabilities. Technologies supporting literacy…

Low Literacy(also: Limited Literacy, Functional Illiteracy)

A level of reading and writing ability that is below what is typically needed to function effectively in everyday situations requiring text comprehension. Low literacy may result from limited educational opportunities, learning disabilities, cognitive disabilities, or reading in…

Low-Incidence Disability(also: Low-Prevalence Disability)

A disability that occurs relatively rarely in the general population, such as blindness, deafblindness, or certain developmental conditions. Low-incidence disabilities present unique challenges for research, education, and technology development because affected individuals are…

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