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Glossary

Terms used in accessibility research and practice. Each entry has a definition, common aliases, and category tags.

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Marburg Notation(also: Marburg Mathematical Notation, Marburg Braille)
A Braille-based mathematical notation system developed at the Deutsche Blindenstudienanstalt (German Institute for the Blind) in Marburg, Germany, and widely used in German-speaking countries for reading and writing mathematics. Marburg notation is a 6-dot Braille code optimized…
Math-to-Speech(also: Mathematical Speech Generation, Math Speech)
The process of converting mathematical notation into spoken language that can be rendered by text-to-speech engines or read aloud by screen readers. Math-to-speech is significantly more complex than reading ordinary text because mathematical expressions are two-dimensional,…
MathML(also: Mathematical Markup Language)
An XML-based markup language standardized by the W3C for describing mathematical notation and capturing both its structure and content. MathML enables screen readers and other assistive technologies to interpret and convey mathematical expressions to users with visual…
MathML(also: Mathematical Markup Language)
A W3C standard XML-based markup language for describing mathematical notation and capturing both its structure and content. MathML comes in two forms: presentation MathML, which describes how a formula looks (layout and visual appearance), and content MathML, which describes…
MathPlayer
A software plugin developed by Design Science that enables the rendering and text-to-speech reading of mathematical expressions encoded in MathML within web browsers and other applications. MathPlayer works with screen readers and text-to-speech tools like Read & Write Gold to…
Mathematical Accessibility(also: Math Accessibility, STEM Accessibility)
The practice of making mathematical notation, formulas, equations, and quantitative content accessible to people with disabilities, particularly blind and low-vision users. Mathematical notation poses unique accessibility challenges because it is inherently visual and…
Mathematical Notation(also: Math Notation)
The system of symbols, conventions, and spatial arrangements used to represent mathematical concepts and relationships. Standard mathematical notation is inherently two-dimensional and visual, using spatial positioning (such as superscripts for exponents, horizontal lines for…
Mathematical Notation Accessibility(also: Math Accessibility, Accessible Mathematics)
The practice of making mathematical expressions, equations, and formulae perceivable and understandable by people with disabilities, particularly those who are blind or have low vision. Mathematical notation is inherently two-dimensional and spatial — using superscripts,…

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