Glossary

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PANAS(also: Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, PANAS Scale)

PANAS (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) is a validated psychological instrument for measuring emotional states, consisting of two 10-item scales measuring positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). Positive affect terms include enthusiastic, interested, determined,…

PRISMA-ScR(also: PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews)

PRISMA-ScR is the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews - a 20-item checklist and flow diagram that standardises how scoping reviews are reported. It adapts the PRISMA framework (designed for systematic reviews) to the…

Participatory Action Research(also: PAR, Action Research)

A collaborative research methodology that involves participants as co-researchers in identifying problems, designing solutions, and implementing changes. In accessibility research, PAR ensures people with disabilities actively shape study design, data collection, and analysis…

Phenomenology(also: Phenomenological Inquiry)

Phenomenology is a philosophical tradition and research methodology concerned with the structures of lived, first-person experience. Originating with Husserl, Heidegger, and Merleau-Ponty, it emphasizes how phenomena appear to consciousness rather than what they are in objective…

Podcast analysis(also: Podcast content analysis)

A qualitative research method that uses publicly available podcast episodes as data sources, applying thematic or content analysis to extract insights from naturalistic discussions. In accessibility research, analyzing podcasts produced by and for disabled communities offers…

Power Dynamics(also: Power Differentials)

The imbalance of influence, authority, or social status between individuals or groups that shapes their interactions and relationships. In accessibility research and practice, power dynamics between researchers or designers without disabilities and participants with disabilities…

Practice-based Research(also: PbR)

A research approach, associated with Candy and Edmonds, in which creative practice itself is the vehicle for original inquiry and knowledge generation. Research questions arise from and are resolved through the making and performance of works, with tacit and embodied knowledge…

Proxy stakeholder(also: Proxy informant, Proxy respondent)

In requirements engineering and participatory design, a proxy stakeholder is a person—such as a caregiver, support worker, family member, or healthcare professional—who actively mediates, interprets, and scaffolds technology use on behalf of a primary user who faces barriers to…

Psychometric validation(also: Psychometric evaluation, Instrument validation)

The process of establishing that a measurement instrument (such as a questionnaire or scale) possesses adequate reliability (consistency of measurement), criterion validity (correlation with established measures), and construct validity (measuring the intended theoretical…

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