Glossary

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AD Timing(also: Audio Description Timing, AD Placement)

The process of determining when audio descriptions should be inserted into video content. Effective AD timing requires identifying natural pauses in dialogue and significant audio where descriptions can be placed without overlapping important sound. Automated AD timing systems…

AI Chatbot Accessibility(also: Accessible AI, LLM Accessibility)

The design and evaluation of AI-powered chatbots and large language model applications to ensure they are usable by and beneficial to people with disabilities. This encompasses both the technical accessibility of chatbot interfaces (screen reader compatibility, keyboard…

AI Code Generation(also: Code Generation Model, AI Coding Assistant, LLM Code Generation)

The use of large language models and machine learning to automatically generate, suggest, or complete source code based on natural language prompts or existing code context. Tools like GitHub Copilot, ChatGPT, and Amazon CodeWhisperer are integrated into developer workflows as…

ARKit(also: Apple ARKit)

ARKit is Apple's augmented reality development framework for iOS that enables developers to create AR experiences for iPhone and iPad. It uses the device's camera, motion sensors, and processor to detect surfaces, track movement, and place virtual 3D objects in the real world.…

ASCII(also: American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

A character encoding standard that uses numeric codes to represent letters, digits, punctuation, and control characters in computers and communication equipment. ASCII assigns values 0-127 to 128 characters, covering the basic Latin alphabet. In accessibility contexts, ASCII is…

Accessible Fintech(also: Accessible Financial Technology, accessFinTech)

The design and development of financial technology products and services — including online banking, mobile payments, digital wallets, and cryptocurrency platforms — that are usable by people with disabilities and across diverse user needs. Accessible fintech encompasses not…

Amazon Alexa(also: Alexa, Echo)

A cloud-based voice assistant developed by Amazon, available on Echo smart speakers, Echo Show smart displays, and third-party devices. Users interact with Alexa through wake-word-activated voice commands to perform tasks such as setting reminders, playing music, controlling…

Amazon Mechanical Turk(also: AMT, MTurk, Mechanical Turk)

A crowdsourcing marketplace operated by Amazon that enables individuals and businesses to distribute tasks (called Human Intelligence Tasks or HITs) to a distributed workforce who complete them remotely for small payments. AMT has been widely used in HCI and accessibility…

Artificial Intelligence(also: AI)

Computer systems designed to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, including visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and language translation. In accessibility, AI powers many assistive technologies such as image recognition apps that describe…

Augmented Reality(also: AR, Mixed Reality)

A technology that overlays digital information—such as images, text, or 3D models—onto the user's view of the real world, typically through smartphones, tablets, smart glasses, or projection systems. Unlike virtual reality which replaces the real environment, augmented reality…

Augmented Reality (AR)(also: AR, Augmented Reality)

An interactive technology that overlays digital information — such as text, images, or video — onto the real-world environment in real time. In accessibility contexts, AR has significant potential for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing users by displaying captions or sign language…

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR)(also: ASR, Speech-to-Text, Voice Recognition)

Technology that converts spoken language into written text using computational algorithms and machine learning models. ASR powers auto-captioning features in video conferencing, media players, and assistive devices. While ASR has improved significantly, its accuracy is affected…

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