The literature-review database. Every paper Bob has reviewed (he has read many more), with a short summary, key findings, and tags. Browse, filter, search.
Luz Rello, Ricardo Baeza-Yates · 2016 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing
This eye-tracking study investigates how different font types affect screen reading performance for people with dyslexia compared to non-dyslexic readers. The researchers recruited 97 native Spanish speakers—48 diagnosed with dyslexia and 49 without—to read short texts displayed…
dyslexia · typography · readability · eye tracking · font design
Luz Rello, Roberto Carlini, Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2015 · Proceedings of the 12th International Web for All Conference (W4A)
This paper presents CASSA, a free Chrome browser plug-in designed to help people read Spanish text on the web by providing simpler synonyms and definitions on demand for complex words. The tool builds on the CASSA (Context Aware Synonym Simplification Algorithm) resource, which…
text simplification · lexical simplification · dyslexia · cognitive accessibility · readability
Luz Rello · 2015 · Proceedings of the 12th International Web for All Conference (W4A)
This position paper reviews the key challenges of studying dyslexia in the context of web accessibility, drawing on Rello's extensive body of research including her doctoral work on the DysWebxia text accessibility model. The paper addresses three interconnected problems:…
dyslexia · cognitive accessibility · readability · typography · web accessibility guidelines
Luz Rello, Miguel Ballesteros · 2015 · Proceedings of the 12th International Web for All Conference (W4A)
This paper presents the first machine learning model to automatically detect readers with dyslexia using eye tracking data. The authors trained a Support Vector Machine (SVM) binary classifier on a dataset of 1,135 readings from 97 Spanish-speaking participants aged 11 to 54 —…
dyslexia · eye tracking · machine learning · detection · support vector machine
Maria Rauschenberger, Silke Fuechsel, Luz Rello, Clara Bayarri, Azuki Gòrriz · 2015 · ASSETS '15: Proceedings of the 17th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility
This demonstration paper presents the adaptation of Dyseggxia, a successful Spanish spelling game for children with dyslexia, to the German language. The original Spanish version was evaluated in an 8-week study with 48 children (ages 6-11) and showed that error-based game…
dyslexia · serious games · spelling · German · children
Luz Rello, Miguel Ballesteros, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2015 · ASSETS '15: Proceedings of the 17th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility
This paper introduces Real Check, a spellchecker designed specifically to detect real-word errors—spelling mistakes that result in unintended but valid words (e.g., "form" instead of "from"). While dyslexia affects approximately 10% of the population and is the most frequent…
dyslexia · spelling · natural language processing · real-word errors · assistive technology
Meredith Ringel Morris, Andrew Begel, Ben Wiedermann · 2015 · ASSETS '15: Proceedings of the 17th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility
This paper presents pioneering research into the workplace experiences of neurodiverse software developers, combining qualitative interviews with quantitative survey data. The researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 neurodiverse individuals working in software…
neurodiversity · autism spectrum · ADHD · dyslexia · workplace accessibility
Luz Rello, Ricardo Baeza-Yates · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)
This paper presents the evaluation of DysWebxia, an iOS reading application specifically designed for people with dyslexia. The app integrates evidence-based text presentation features known to improve reading performance for people with dyslexia — including customizable font…
dyslexia · reading accessibility · text simplification · lexical simplification · mobile accessibility
Luz Rello, Clara Bayarri, Yolanda Otal, Martin Pielot · 2014 · Proceedings of the 16th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility (ASSETS 2014)
This paper presents a novel method for improving the spelling skills of children with dyslexia through error-based exercises delivered via an iPad game called DysEggxia (Piruletras in Spanish). Unlike traditional approaches that present correct words as positive examples,…
dyslexia · spelling · serious games · literacy · education
Luz Rello, Clara Bayarri, Azuki Gòrriz · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)
This paper presents Dyseggxia, a free mobile game for iOS and Android designed to help children with dyslexia practice language exercises in an engaging, adaptive format. Dyslexia affects approximately 10% of children worldwide and is characterized by difficulties with accurate…
dyslexia · serious game · mobile accessibility · adaptive learning · natural language processing
Luz Rello, Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Stefan Bott, Horacio Saggion · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)
This paper evaluates two automatic lexical simplification strategies designed to make text more accessible for people with dyslexia. The research addresses a key gap: while previous tools for dyslexic readers focused on text presentation (fonts, spacing, colors), none had…
dyslexia · text simplification · readability · cognitive accessibility · eye tracking
Luz Rello, Clara Bayarri, Azuki Gòrriz, Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Saurabh Gupta, Gaurang Kanvinde, Horacio Saggion, Stefan Bott, Roberto Carlini, Vasile Topac · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)
This demo paper introduces DysWebxia 2.0, a model for making text more accessible to people with dyslexia by modifying both the presentation and content of text. The project is notable for being the first model to combine text presentation changes (font, spacing, layout) with…
dyslexia · text simplification · readability · assistive technology · text presentation
Luz Rello, Martin Pielot, Mari-Carmen Marcos, Roberto Carlini · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)
This paper investigates the effect of font size and line spacing on readability and comprehension for people with dyslexia, tested in the real-world context of Wikipedia articles rather than isolated text samples. The authors conducted an eye-tracking study with 28 participants…
dyslexia · typography · readability · eye tracking · font size
Vagner Figueredo de Santana, Rosimeire de Oliveira, Leonelo Dell Anhol Almeida, Marcia Ito · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)
This paper presents Firefixia, a Mozilla Firefox browser extension toolbar designed to help people with dyslexia customise the presentation of web content according to their individual preferences. The authors note that while web accessibility efforts have traditionally focused…
dyslexia · web accessibility · browser extension · customization · assistive technology
Luz Rello, Ricardo Baeza-Yates · 2013 · Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS)
This paper presents the first experiment using eye tracking to objectively measure the impact of font type on reading performance for people with dyslexia. Using a within-subject design, 48 participants with clinically confirmed dyslexia (ages 11-50) read 12 comparable texts…
dyslexia · typography · readability · eye tracking · font design
Vagner Figueredo de Santana, Rosimeire de Oliveira, Leonelo Dell Anhol Almeida, Maria Cecília Calani Baranauskas · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)
This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the state of the art on dyslexia and web accessibility, synthesising findings from academic research, dyslexia organisations (particularly the British Dyslexia Association), and practitioner guidance into a consolidated set of 41…
dyslexia · cognitive accessibility · web accessibility guidelines · readability · inclusive design
Luz Rello, Gaurang Kanvinde, Ricardo Baeza-Yates · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)
This paper presents evidence-based layout guidelines for making web text more readable for people with dyslexia, derived from a user study with 22 dyslexic participants and a matched control group. The study is notable for being the first to combine eye-tracking data with…
dyslexia · readability · typography · eye tracking · text presentation
Gaurang Kanvinde, Luz Rello, Ricardo Baeza-Yates · 2012 · Proceedings of the 14th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2012)
This demonstration paper presents the IDEAL eBook Reader, an Android application that displays ePub-formatted ebooks with a text layout specifically adapted for readers with dyslexia. The design is grounded in empirical research: layout guidelines were derived from experiments…
dyslexia · readability · ebook · ePub · text-to-speech
Luz Rello, Clara Bayarri, Azuki Gorriz · 2012 · Proceedings of the 14th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2012)
This demonstration paper presents Dyseggxia, a free mobile game application for iOS and Android that provides word exercises designed specifically for Spanish-speaking children with dyslexia. The game's content design is grounded in two empirical foundations: linguistic and…
dyslexia · serious games · educational technology · Spanish language · reading accessibility
Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Luz Rello · 2011 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)
This paper presents the first attempt to estimate the prevalence of dyslexic writing errors in English-language web content. The authors developed a classification system distinguishing five types of lexical errors: dyslexic errors (multi-character reversals, transpositions, and…
dyslexia · cognitive accessibility · web content quality · natural language processing · spelling errors
Ed Gellenbeck, Andreas Stefik · 2009 · Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '09)
This paper investigates whether inserting pauses into text-to-speech renderings of mathematical expressions can help listeners distinguish between structurally different but verbally similar algebraic expressions. The core problem is that written mathematics relies on…
mathematical accessibility · text-to-speech · screen readers · MathML · SSML
Sandeep R. Patil · 2007 · Proceedings of the 2007 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)
This position paper from IBM India argues that existing WCAG guidelines for image accessibility (alt text, longdesc, image maps) are insufficient because they rely on voluntary compliance by content authors and cannot address scenarios where images are the primary content — such…
image accessibility · alternative text · screen readers · blind users · visual impairment
Jason Nawyn, Cynthia Roesler, Teresa Realpe-Bonilla, Naseem Choudhury, April A. Benasich · 2007 · Proceedings of the 9th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '07)
This paper from the Center for Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience at Rutgers University describes the design and evaluation of a gaze-driven interface for assessing rapid auditory processing (RAP) abilities in infants aged 4 to 6 months. The research is motivated by evidence…
early intervention · eye tracking · infant assessment · auditory processing · language impairment
Katherine Deibel · 2007 · Proceedings of the 9th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '07)
This paper from the University of Washington proposes applying semiotic engineering — an HCI design methodology rooted in semiotics (the study of signs, symbols, and their meanings) — to address the high abandonment rate of assistive technologies. Studies show that approximately…
assistive technology · technology adoption · semiotic engineering · technology discontinuance · reading disabilities
Anna Dickinson, Peter Gregor, Alan F. Newell · 2002 · Proceedings of the Fifth International ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets 02)
This paper from the University of Dundee reports on the ongoing development and evaluation of SeeWord, a highly configurable word processing environment designed to alleviate visual difficulties experienced by dyslexic computer users. The authors adopt a pragmatic,…
dyslexia · cognitive accessibility · visual stress · reading accessibility · user-centred design