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• Towards Universal Rendering in MathJax

  Davide Cervone, Peter Krautzberger, Volker Sorge · 2016 · Proceedings of the 13th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper presents the MathJax Consortium's effort to transform MathJax from a purely visual mathematics rendering library into a universal rendering solution that supports readers with visual, print, and motor impairments. The authors describe how mathematical content on the…

  STEM accessibility · mathematics accessibility · MathML · screen readers · universal design

• Contextual Language Learning with Capti ESL Assistant

  Yevgen Borodin, Yury Puzis, Andrii Soviak, Vikas Ashok, Andrii Melnyk, I. V. Ramakrishnan · 2016 · Proceedings of the 13th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper presents Capti ESL Assistant, a web application designed to help English language learners develop reading and listening skills simultaneously while remaining accessible to users with print disabilities including dyslexia and vision loss. Built on the Capti Narrator…

  language accessibility · print disabilities · text-to-speech · dyslexia · education accessibility

• A Platform to Support Personalized Training of People with Disabilities

  Carlos Cardonha, Andrea Britto Mattos, Rodrigo Laiola Guimarães · 2016 · Proceedings of the 13th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper from IBM Research Brazil presents a two-component platform for creating and delivering personalized vocational training courses to people with multiple types of disabilities. The system consists of a web-based course-authoring portal for instructors and a tablet-based…

  intellectual disability · educational technology · personalization · vocational training · mobile accessibility

• Web Accessibility Guidelines for the 2020s

  Michael Cooper · 2016 · Proceedings of the 13th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  Written by W3C/WAI staff member Michael Cooper, this paper provides an insider perspective on the strategic direction of web accessibility guidelines following the completion of the 2.0 suite — WCAG 2.0 (finalized 2008), ATAG 2.0 (2015), and UAAG 2.0 (2015). Cooper describes the…

  web accessibility · WCAG · WAI-ARIA · standards · guidelines

• Wearables for All: Development of Guidelines to Stimulate Accessible Wearable Technology Design

  Jobke Wentzel, Eric Velleman, Thea van der Geest · 2016 · Proceedings of the 13th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper from the University of Twente and The Accessibility Foundation (Netherlands) presents the rationale and methodology for developing accessibility guidelines specifically for wearable technology — a domain where no dedicated accessibility standards existed at the time.…

  wearable technology · universal design · guidelines · visual impairment · multimodal interaction

• A Usability Evaluation of Two Virtual Aids to Enhance Cursor Accessibility for People with Motor Impairments

  J. Eduardo Pérez, Xabier Valencia, Myriam Arrue, Julio Abascal · 2016 · Proceedings of the 13th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper from the University of the Basque Country presents and evaluates two virtual cursor enhancements designed to help people with motor impairments perform pointing and clicking tasks during web browsing. The "circular cursor" creates a translucent circular active area…

  motor accessibility · assistive technology · input devices · pointing devices · web accessibility

• Learning Games for the Cognitively Impaired People

  Maria Claudia Buzzi, Marina Buzzi, Erico Perrone, Beatrice Rapisarda, Caterina Senette · 2016 · Proceedings of the 13th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper from the Italian National Research Council (CNR-IIT) presents an open-source web platform delivering personalized cognitive learning games for people with Down syndrome, with a particular focus on delaying the onset of early Alzheimer's disease — a condition affecting…

  cognitive accessibility · Down syndrome · game-based learning · intellectual disability · tele-rehabilitation

• Accessible Map Visualization Prototype

  Tania Calle-Jimenez, Sergio Luján-Mora · 2016 · Proceedings of the 13th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper from Ecuador's National Polytechnic School and the University of Alicante presents a prototype for making online geographic maps accessible to people with visual disabilities. The authors identify four key accessibility barriers in web-based maps: maps rendered as…

  data visualization · visual impairment · color blindness · SVG · web accessibility

• Developing a Wearable Tactile Prototype to Support Situational Awareness

  Flynn Wolf · 2016 · Proceedings of the 13th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This doctoral consortium paper from UMBC describes dissertation research into head-mounted tactile displays for spatial and situational awareness, with applications for people who are blind and those experiencing situational impairments. The research program is grounded in…

  haptic technology · wearable technology · tactile accessibility · blindness · situational impairment

• Using Web Interaction to Monitor Parkinson's Disease Progression through Behavioural Inferences on the Web

  Julio Vega · 2016 · Proceedings of the 13th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This doctoral consortium paper from the University of Manchester proposes a novel approach to monitoring Parkinson's Disease (PD) progression using passive smartphone data collection and web interaction analysis, replacing the intrusive wearable devices and scripted evaluation…

  health monitoring · Parkinson's disease · smartphones · machine learning · digital health

• The Effects of Automatic Speech Recognition Quality on Human Transcription Latency

  Yashesh Gaur, Walter S. Lasecki, Florian Metze, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2016 · Proceedings of the 13th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper from Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Michigan empirically investigates when automatic speech recognition (ASR) output helps or hinders human transcriptionists producing captions for deaf and hard of hearing people. Manual transcription remains…

  speech recognition · captioning · deaf and hard of hearing · crowdsourcing · human computation

• Supporting Engagement and Comprehension Online Through Multiple Means of Expression

  Boris N. Goldowsky, Peggy Coyne · 2016 · Proceedings of the 13th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper from CAST (the organization that developed the Universal Design for Learning framework) examines how offering multiple means of expression — writing, drawing, and audio recording — in online academic discussions affects engagement among struggling readers in grades…

  Universal Design for Learning · education accessibility · multimedia · learning disabilities · intellectual disability

• Laying a Foundation for the Graphical Course Map

  Linda DuHadway, Thomas C. Henderson · 2016 · Proceedings of the 13th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper from the University of Utah presents ENABLE, a system that transforms traditional linear, text-based learning management system (LMS) course presentations into interactive graphical course maps. The authors argue that current LMS platforms like Canvas impose two…

  education accessibility · personalized learning · data visualization · learning management systems · machine learning

• LMS Weds WhatsApp: Bridging Digital Divide Using MIMs

  Jyotirmaya Mahapatra, Saurabh Srivastava, Kuldeep Yadav, Kundan Shrivastava, Om Deshmukh · 2016 · Proceedings of the 13th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper from Xerox Research Centre India reports on a three-month longitudinal field study integrating WhatsApp with a Learning Management System (TutorSpace) in a private engineering college on the outskirts of Bengaluru, India. The research addresses the digital divide in…

  digital divide · mobile accessibility · education accessibility · Global South accessibility · blended learning

• Evaluating the Mobile Web Accessibility of Electronic Text for Print Impaired People in Higher Education

  Neil Rogers, Mike Wald, E. A. Draffan · 2016 · Proceedings of the 13th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper from the University of Southampton presents an Accessibility Evaluation Framework for assessing how well mobile devices support electronic text (eText) reading for people with print impairments in higher education. Print disabilities are broadly defined following…

  print disabilities · mobile accessibility · education accessibility · dyslexia · visual impairment

• Eye Tracking Scanpath Analysis on Web Pages: How Many Users?

  Sukru Eraslan, Yeliz Yesilada, Simon Harper · 2016 · Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications (ETRA)

  This paper investigates how many participants are needed for reliable eye tracking scanpath analysis on web pages — a question that has been debated in usability research for over 30 years but never specifically addressed for scanpath studies. While the classic "magic number" of…

  eye tracking · scanpath analysis · usability testing · sample size · web accessibility

• Customizable 3D Printed Tactile Maps as Interactive Overlays

  Brandon Taylor, Anind Dey, Dan Siewiorek, Asim Smailagic · 2016 · Proceedings of the 18th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '16)

  This paper presents an end-to-end system that enables visually impaired individuals to independently design, customize, and interact with 3D printed tactile maps. Traditional tactile map production has been limited by high costs (Braille embossers range from $1,800 to $80,000;…

  tactile maps · tactile graphics · 3D printing · visual impairment · navigation

• OnScreenDualScribe with Point-and-Click Interface: A Viable Computer Interaction Alternative based on a Virtual Modified Numerical Keypad

  Kavita Krishnaswamy, Patricia Ordóñez, Phillip Beckerle, Stephan Rinderknecht, Torsten Felzer · 2016 · Proceedings of the 18th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '16)

  This paper presents a first-person evaluation of the OnScreenDualScribe (OSDS) Point-and-Click Interface, a virtual keyboard designed for people who cannot use a standard keyboard or mouse effectively. The first author, who has Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), can only interact…

  text entry · motor disability · virtual keyboard · assistive technology · word prediction

• Online Learning System to Help People with Developmental Disabilities Reinforce Basic Skills

  Lourdes M. Morales-Villaverde, Karina Caro, Taylor Gotfrid, Sri Kurniawan · 2016 · Proceedings of the 18th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '16)

  This paper presents the development and evaluation of an HTML5-based web application for iPad designed to help people with developmental disabilities (DD) of all ages reinforce basic skills such as recognizing numbers, letters, money, shapes, and colors. The system was developed…

  developmental disability · intellectual disability · educational technology · cognitive accessibility · iPad

• Nothing to Hide: Aesthetic Customization of Hearing Aids and Cochlear Implants in an Online Community

  Halley P. Profita, Abigale Stangl, Laura Matuszewska, Sigrunn Sky, Shaun K. Kane · 2016 · Proceedings of the 18th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '16)

  This paper analyzes aesthetic customization practices within a Facebook community of over 4,800 members dedicated to decorating and personalizing hearing aids (HAs) and cochlear implants (CIs). Approximately 48 million people in the United States (20% of the population) have…

  hearing aid · cochlear implant · DIY assistive technology · social accessibility · disability identity

• Games for People with Developmental Disabilities

  Taylor Gotfrid · 2016 · Proceedings of the 18th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '16)

  This short paper (doctoral consortium contribution) presents two web-based games developed for people with developmental disabilities (DD) in collaboration with Hope Services, a California non-profit. The work addresses the gap that most existing educational applications…

  developmental disability · game accessibility · cognitive accessibility · educational technology · iPad

• Real-Time Mobile Personalized Simulations of Impaired Colour Vision

  Rhouri MacAlpine, David R. Flatla · 2016 · Proceedings of the 18th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '16)

  This paper extends personalized simulations of Impaired Colour Vision (ICV) to work in real time on mobile devices, enabling people with typical colour vision to see the world through the camera as someone with ICV would perceive it. At least 5% of the world population has some…

  color vision deficiency · color blindness · visual impairment · mobile accessibility · simulation

• Improving Real-Time Captioning Experiences for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students

  Saba Kawas, George Karalis, Tzu Wen, Richard E. Ladner · 2016 · Proceedings of the 18th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '16)

  This paper takes a holistic, qualitative approach to understanding deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) university students' experiences with real-time captioning in mainstream classrooms, examining both human-based captioning (CART — Communication Access Realtime Translation) and…

  deaf and hard of hearing · real-time captioning · CART · automatic speech recognition · education

• Playing Music with the Head

  Emeline Brulé · 2016 · Proceedings of the 18th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '16)

  This short paper describes the co-design process leading to an open source music-playing software for M., a person living with severe motor, dexterity, and speech impairments in a nursing home in France. The system uses an infrared camera mounted on top of a computer to track…

  music accessibility · motor disability · co-design · participatory design · DIY assistive technology

• Breaking Barriers to Digital Literacy: An Intergenerational Social-Cognitive Approach

  Keith Atkinson, Jaclyn Barnes, Judith Albee, Peter Anttila, Judith Haataja, Kanak Nanavati, Kelly Steelman, Charles Wallace · 2016 · Proceedings of the 18th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '16)

  This experience report presents narratives from learners and student tutors participating in the BASIC (Building Adult Skills in Computing) program at Michigan Technological University, which has paired university students with older community members (mostly 60+) for one-on-one…

  aging · digital literacy · digital divide · education · collaborative learning